خواص دارویی و گیاهی
چنانچه در خصوص “لوراتادین” سوالی دارید، عارضه خاصی مشاهده نموده اید و یا مطلب ویژه ای به نظرتان می رسد با دیگران به اشتراک بگذارید
weißes bis fast weißes, polymorphes, kristallines Pulver[1]
R06AX13
Systemische Antihistaminika
Antagonist an Histamin-H1-Rezeptoren
fest
قرص loratadine
134–136 °C[2]
> 5 g·kg−1 (LD50, Ratte, oral)[3]
Loratadin ist ein Arzneistoff aus der Gruppe der Antihistaminika, der zur Linderung der Beschwerden bei Allergien und beim atopischen Ekzem (Neurodermitis) eingesetzt wird. Es wurde 1989 in Deutschland eingeführt und ist seit 1994 nicht mehr verschreibungspflichtig. In Österreich ist es in Dosierungen bis 10 mg pro Tag für Jugendliche über 12 Jahren und Erwachsene ohne Rezept erhältlich.[4] In Deutschland sind Fertigarzneimittel mit Loratadin als Tablette oder Brausetablette erhältlich, in den USA und Großbritannien gibt es zusätzlich Saft. Seit 2013 steht es auf der Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der WHO.
Loratadin ist ein H1-Antihistaminikum der 2. Generation. Es blockiert die speziellen Bindungsstellen für Histamin an den Histamin-H1-Rezeptoren. Histamin findet somit nicht mehr genügend freie Bindungsstellen, um seine Wirkungen (z. B. Hautrötung, Juckreiz, Blutdruckabfall und Bronchospasmen) auszuüben. Als Vertreter der 2. Generation der H1-Antihistaminika ist Loratadin weitgehend frei von Nebenwirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem, wie z. B. Sedierung. Ursache ist der Rücktransport der Substanz durch permeable Glykoproteine an der Blut-Hirn-Schranke.[5] Durch die Veresterung der Säuregruppe wird zudem eine gute Resorption ermöglicht. Loratadin wird im Organismus rasch zu Desloratadin abgebaut, das jedoch eine drei- bis vierfach höhere Affinität zum H1-Rezeptor besitzt. Daher kann Loratadin formal als Prodrug des Desloratadins angesehen werden. Beide Substanzen wirken zudem als FIASMA (funktioneller Hemmer der sauren Sphingomyelinase).[6]
Die Plasmahalbwertszeit liegt bei ca. acht Stunden, die der Metaboliten bei 12 bis 24 Stunden.
Neben unspezifischen Nebenwirkungen wie Kopfschmerz, Müdigkeit und Störungen des Magen-Darm-Traktes treten gelegentlich Mundtrockenheit und in Einzelfällen Haarausfall, Leberfunktionsstörungen und allergische Reaktionen auf. Vereinzelt werden auch Herzrhythmusstörungen beobachtet. In seltenen Fällen kann es auch zu Tinnitus kommen.[7]
Loratadin wird über das Enzym CYP3A4 abgebaut.[8] Bei gleichzeitiger Einnahme von Mitteln, die das Enzym CYP3A4 hemmen oder ähnliche Nebenwirkungen haben, zum Beispiel Ketoconazol, Erythromycin, Makrolid-Antibiotika, HIV-Proteaseinhibitoren, Propafenon und Grapefruitsaft, können die genannten Nebenwirkungen verstärkt werden, insbesondere Herzrhythmusstörungen.[9][10]
Nach dem Auslaufen der Patentfrist für die Herstellung von Loratadin entstand ein größerer Rechtsstreit: Schering-Plough verklagte Geneva Pharmaceuticals für die Herstellung von Loratadin-Generika basierend auf der Argumentation, dass Schering-Plough ein noch gültiges Patent auf die künstliche Herstellung des Loratadin-Metaboliten Descarboethoxyloratadin (Desloratadin) habe. Da die Einnahme von Loratadin beim Menschen auch zur Bildung von Descarboethoxyloratadin führe, verletze die Herstellung von Loratadin dieses Patent. Das US-Bundesberufungsgericht entschied zugunsten von Geneva, was zu starken Bedenken bei Pharmaunternehmen über die Schutzmöglichkeiten ihrer Produkte führte.[11] Tatsächlich sei der therapeutische Vorteil von Desloratadin gegenüber Loratadin aber entsprechend marginal[12], so dass bei großer zeitlicher Nähe zwischen dem Wegfall des Patentschutzes für Loratadin und der Markteinführung von Desloratadin[13] Kritik an einem Evergreening des Medikamentes geübt wurde.
Allernon (A), Claritine (CH), Clarityn (A) und diverse Generika (D, A, CH)
Medically reviewed by Sophia Entringer, PharmD Last updated on Jan 3, 2019.
Loratadine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.
Loratadine is used to treat sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, hives, skin rash, itching, and other cold or allergy symptoms.
Loratadine is also used to treat skin hives and itching in people with chronic skin reactions.قرص loratadine
You should not take this medication if you are allergic to loratadine or to desloratadine (Clarinex).
Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.
Some chewable dosage forms of loratadine may contain phenylalanine. Talk to your doctor before using these forms of loratadine if you have phenylketonuria (PKU).
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine if you have liver or kidney disease.
You should not take this medicine if you are allergic to loratadine or to desloratadine (Clarinex).
Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to use this medicine if you have other medical conditions, especially:
asthma;
kidney disease; or
liver disease.
Loratadine is not expected to harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
Loratadine can pass into breast milk, but is considered compatible with breastfeeding. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Some forms of loratadine may contain phenylalanine. Talk to your doctor before taking loratadine if you have phenylketonuria (PKU).
Use loratadine exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Cold or allergy medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.
Do not give this medicine to a child younger than 2 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children.
Loratadine is usually taken once per day. Follow your doctor’s instructions.
Do not crush, chew, or break the regular tablet. Swallow the pill whole.
Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
The chewable tablet must be chewed before you swallow it.
To take the orally disintegrating tablet (Claritin RediTab, Alavert):
Keep the tablet in its blister pack until you are ready to take it. Open the package and peel back the foil. Do not push a tablet through the foil or you may damage the tablet.
Use dry hands to remove the tablet and place it in your mouth.
Do not swallow the tablet whole. Allow it to dissolve in your mouth without chewing. If desired, you may drink liquid to help swallow the dissolved tablet.
Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Loratadine dosage information (in more detail)
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
Overdose symptoms may include headache, drowsiness, and fast or pounding heartbeat.
Follow your doctor’s instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to loratadine: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using loratadine and call your doctor at once if you have:
fast or uneven heart rate;
severe headache; or
a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;
Common loratadine side effects may include:
قرص loratadine
headache;
feeling tired or drowsy;
stomach pain, vomiting;
dry mouth; or
feeling nervous or hyperactive.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Loratadine side effects (in more detail)
Usual Adult Dose of Loratadine for Allergic Rhinitis:
10 mg orally once a day
Usual Adult Dose for Urticaria:
10 mg orally once a day
Usual Pediatric Dose for Allergic Rhinitis:
2 to 5 years: 5 mg orally once a day (syrup)
6 years or older: 10 mg orally once a day (tablets, capsule, and disintegrating tablets)
Usual Pediatric Dose for Urticaria:
2 to 5 years: 5 mg orally once a day (syrup)
6 years or older: 10 mg orally once a day (tablets, capsule, and disintegrating tablets)
Other drugs may interact with loratadine, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.
Loratadine drug interactions (in more detail)
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use loratadine only for the indication prescribed.
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Copyright 1996-2019 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 9.02.
Medical Disclaimer
Other brands: Claritin, Alavert, Claritin Reditabs, Children’s Claritin Allergy
Use these dosage charts for infants and children under 12 years old:
prednisone, cetirizine, montelukast, Benadryl, promethazine, triamcinolone, Zyrtec, diphenhydramine, Phenergan, Xolair
Loratadine reviews
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Dosage Form: tablet
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jun 3, 2019.
(in each tablet)
Loratadine USP, 10 mg
Antihistamine
قرص loratadine
temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies:
if you have ever had an allergic reaction to this product or any of its ingredients.
liver or kidney disease. Your doctor should determine if you need a different dose.
do not take more than directed. Taking more than directed may cause drowsiness.
an allergic reaction to this product occurs. Seek medical help right away.
ask a health professional before use.
In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Corn starch, lactose monohydrate and magnesium stearate.
call 1-877-446-3679
Manufactured in India by:
Matrix Laboratories Limited Secunderabad–500 003, India
Code No.: MH/DRUGS/25/NKD/89
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
PRODUCT PACKAGING
NDC 0378-8880-93
Non-Drowsy*
Original Prescription
Strength
Loratadine
Tablets USP, 10 mg
Antihistamine
Indoor and Outdoor Allergies
24 Hour Relief of:
*When taken as directed. See Drug Facts Panel.
30 TABLETS
RMX8880H
Medical Disclaimer
Other brands: Claritin, Alavert, Allergy Relief Tablets, Allergy Relief 24 Hour, … +3 more
Use these dosage charts for infants and children under 12 years old:
prednisone, loratadine, cetirizine, montelukast, Benadryl, promethazine, triamcinolone, Zyrtec, diphenhydramine, Xolair
Loratadine reviews
The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Available for Android and iOS devices.
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Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 1 Aug 2019), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Aug 2019), Wolters Kluwer™ (updated 31 July 2019) and others.
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Loratadine is used to temporarily relieve the symptoms of hay fever (allergy to pollen, dust, or other substances in the air) and other allergies. These symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes, nose, or throat. Loratadine is also used to treat itching and redness caused by hives. However, loratadine does not prevent hives or other allergic skin reactions. Loratadine is in a class of medications called antihistamines. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.
Loratadine is also available in combination with pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, others). This monograph only includes information about the use of loratadine alone. If you are taking the loratadine and pseudoephedrine combination product, read the information on the package label or ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Loratadine comes as a syrup (liquid), a tablet, and a rapidly disintegrating (dissolving) tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Follow the directions on the package label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take loratadine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than directed on the package label or recommended by your doctor. If you take more loratadine than directed, you may experience drowsiness.
If you are taking the rapidly disintegrating tablet, follow the package directions to remove the tablet from the blister package without breaking the tablet. Do not try to push the tablet through the foil. After you remove the tablet from the blister package, immediately place it on your tongue and close your mouth. The tablet will quickly dissolve and can be swallowed with or without water.
Do not use loratadine to treat hives that are bruised or blistered, that are an unusual color, or that do not itch. Call your doctor if you have this type of hives.قرص loratadine
Stop taking loratadine and call your doctor if your hives do not improve during the first 3 days of your treatment or if your hives last longer than 6 weeks. If you do not know the cause of your hives, call your doctor.
If you are taking loratadine to treat hives, and you develop any of the following symptoms, get emergency medical help right away: difficulty swallowing, speaking, or breathing; swelling in and around the mouth or swelling of the tongue; wheezing; drooling; dizziness; or loss of consciousness. These may be symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. If your doctor suspects that you may experience anaphylaxis with your hives, he may prescribe an epinephrine injector (EpiPen). Do not use loratadine in place of the epinephrine injector.
Do not use this medication if the safety seal is open or torn.
This medication may be recommended for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom)and away from light. Use the orally disintegrating tablets immediately after you remove them from the blister package, and within 6 months after you open the outer foil pouch. Write the date that you open the foil pouch on the product label so that you will know when 6 months have passed.
It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily. To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location – one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach. http://www.upandaway.org
Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community. See the FDA’s Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.
In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can’t be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911.
Keep all appointments with your doctor.
Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about loratadine.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
¶ This branded product is no longer on the market. Generic alternatives may be available.
AHFS® Patient Medication Information™. © Copyright, 2019. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists®, 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland. All Rights Reserved. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized by ASHP.
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Loratadine is an antihistamine medicine that relieves the symptoms of allergies. It’s used to treat:
It’s also used for reactions to insect bites and stings and for some food allergies.
Loratadine is known as a non-drowsy antihistamine. It’s much less likely to make you feel sleepy than some other antihistamines.قرص loratadine
Loratadine is available on prescription. You can also buy it from pharmacies and supermarkets.
It comes as tablets or as a liquid that you swallow.
Loratadine can be taken by adults and children aged 2 years and older.
Loratadine isn’t suitable for some people. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you:
If you or your child have been prescribed loratadine, follow your
doctor’s instructions about how and when to take it. If you’ve bought
loratadine from a pharmacy or shop, follow the instructions that come
with the packet.
Loratadine comes as 10mg tablets and as a liquid medicine (labelled
either 5mg/5ml or 1mg/1ml). You can take loratadine with or without
food.
The usual dose in adults is 10mg once a day.
Doses are usually lower for people with liver problems.
For children, your doctor will use your child’s weight or age to work out the right dose.
Loratadine comes as 2 different types of tablet – ordinary and melt-in-the-mouth tablets.
Swallow ordinary loratadine tablets with a drink of water, milk or
juice. If the tablet has a score line, you can break it in half if you
find it hard to swallow it whole. Do not chew it.
Melt-in-the-mouth tablets dissolve instantly on your tongue without
needing a drink. Be careful not to crush them when you take them out of
the packet.
Loratadine liquid may be easier for children to take than tablets.
The medicine will come with a plastic syringe or spoon to help you
measure out the right dose. If you don’t have a syringe or spoon, ask
your pharmacist for one. Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as it will not
give the right amount.
Loratadine tablets and melt-in-the-mouth tablets must only be taken
by children aged between 2 and 12 years if they weigh 30kg or more. Give children loratadine liquid if they weigh less than 30kg.
You may only need to take loratadine on a day you have symptoms, for instance if you’ve been exposed to a trigger such as animal hair. Or you may need to take it regularly to prevent symptoms, such as hay fever during
spring and summer.
Take your forgotten dose as soon as you remember, unless it is nearly time for your next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.
If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to help you remember to take your medicine.
Loratadine is generally very safe. Taking too much is unlikely to harm you or your child.
If you take an extra dose by mistake, you might get a headache, have a rapid heartbeat or feel sleepy. If this happens or you’re concerned, contact your doctor.
Like all medicines, loratadine can cause side effects although not everyone gets them.
The most common side effect of loratadine is feeling sleepy. This happens in more than 1 in 100 people.
Side effects in children may include:
In rare cases, loratadine may cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
These are warning signs of a serious allergic reaction. A serious allergic reaction is an emergency.
These are not all the side effects of loratadine. For a full list see the leaflet inside your medicines packet.
You can report any suspected side effect to the UK safety scheme.
What to do about:
It’s generally safe to take loratadine during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
For more information about how loratadine can affect you and your baby during pregnancy, read this leaflet on the Best Use of Medicines in Pregnancy (BUMPS) website.
It’s usually safe to take loratadine if you’re breastfeeding as only small amounts get into breast milk.
If you’re breastfeeding and your baby was premature or has other health problems, talk to your doctor before taking loratadine.
Some medicines and loratadine interfere with each other and increase the chances of you having side effects.
Tell your doctor if you’re taking:
There might be a problem taking some herbal remedies and supplements
alongside loratadine – especially ones that cause sleepiness, a dry
mouth or make it difficult to pee.
Loratadine is a medicine called an antihistamine.
قرص loratadine
When you come into contact with something you have an allergy to, such as pollen, animal hair or fur, house dust or insect bites, your body produces a chemical called histamine.
Usually histamine is a useful substance but in an allergic reaction it causes unpleasant symptoms including itchy, watery eyes, running or blocked nose, sneezing and skin rashes.
Loratadine blocks the effects of histamine and so reduces these symptoms.
You should start to feel better within an hour.
It depends on why you’re taking it.
You may only need to take loratadine for a short time or as a one-off dose. If you have a reaction to an insect bite, you may only need to take loratadine for a day or two.
You may need to take it for longer if you’re taking it to prevent symptoms from hay fever when the pollen count is high.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you’re not sure how long you need to take loratadine for.
Loratadine is unlikely to do you any harm if you take it for a long time. However, it’s best to take loratadine only for as long as you need to.
It’s best not to drink alcohol while you’re taking loratadine, as it can make you feel sleepy.
You can eat and drink normally while taking loratadine.
Loratadine is classed as a non-drowsy antihistamine but it’s still possible to feel sleepy after taking it.
If this happens to you, do not drive a car or ride a bike until you feel better.
Loratadine is known as a non-drowsy antihistamine. It’s less likely to make you feel sleepy than other, so-called, sedating
antihistamines such as Piriton (chlorphenamine).
Most people prefer to take a non-drowsy antihistamine instead of a sedating one. One exception may be when you want the medicine to make you sleepy because you’ve got itchy skin that’s keeping you awake.
Other non-drowsy antihistamines like cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine and levocetirizine seem to work as well as loratadine.
However, loratadine, desloratadine and fexofenadine seem to be less likely to make you feel sleepy than cetirizine.
Yes, you can take loratadine together with paracetamol or ibuprofen.
Sometimes doctors recommend that people with severe itchy skin rash take 2 different antihistamines together for a few days.
As well as taking a non-drowsy antihistamine like loratadine during the day, your doctor may tell you to take a sedating antihistamine at night if the itching is making it difficult to sleep.
Do not take 2 antihistamines together unless recommended by your doctor.
Yes, it’s fine to take loratadine together with other types of hay fever treatment, for example steroid nasal sprays (such as Beconase, Rhinacort Aqua and Flixonase Nasules), or eyedrops.
Your doctor might suggest you or your child take a higher dose of loratadine (up to 4 times the usual dose) for severe itchy skin rash or swelling underneath the skin (angioedema).
Taking high doses of loratadine isn’t suitable for everyone though.
Speak to your doctor if you think loratadine isn’t working for you.
There’s no firm evidence to suggest that taking loratidine will reduce fertility in either men or women. However, speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking it if you’re trying to get pregnant.
Loratadine will not affect contraception including the contraceptive pill or emergency contraception.
It will help if you don’t spend too much time outside if the pollen count is high.
Tips for when you’re outside
Tips for when you’re inside
Page last reviewed: 19 October 2018
Next review due: 19 October 2021
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