خواص دارویی و گیاهی
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xb“`”#VT~g`0p40
Generic name: CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE 250mgDosage form: tablet, film coated
See also:
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 3, 2019.
CIPRO Tablets and Oral Suspension should be administered orally as described in the appropriate Dosage Guidelines tables.
The determination of dosage and duration for any particular patient must take into consideration the severity and nature of the infection, the susceptibility of the causative microorganism, the integrity of the patient’s host-defense mechanisms, and the status of renal and hepatic function. CIPRO Tablets or Oral Suspension may be administered to adult patients when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician. Administer CIPRO for Oral Suspension using the co-packaged graduated spoon [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
Patients whose therapy is started with CIPRO IV may be switched to CIPRO Tablets or Oral Suspension when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician (Table 2) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
CIPRO Oral Dosage
Equivalent CIPRO IV Dosage
250 mg Tablet every 12 hours
200 mg intravenous every 12 hours
500 mg Tablet every 12 hours
400 mg intravenous every 12 hours
750 mg Tablet every 12 hours
400 mg intravenous every 8 hours
Dosing and initial route of therapy (that is, IV or oral) for cUTI or pyelonephritis should be determined by the severity of the infection. CIPRO should be administered as described in Table 3. Administer CIPRO for Oral Suspension using the co-packaged graduated spoon [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].
Complicated Urinary Tract or Pyelonephritis
(patients from 1 to 17 years of age)
10 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg
(maximum 750 mg per dose; not to be exceeded even in patients weighing more than 51 kg)
Every 12 hours
10–21 days
Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure)2
15 mg/kg
(maximum 500 mg per dose)
Every 12 hours
60 days
Plague2,3
15 mg/kg
(maximum 500 mg per dose)
Every 8 to 12 hours
10–21 days
Ciprofloxacin is eliminated primarily by renal excretion; however, the drug is also metabolized and partially cleared through the biliary system of the liver and through the intestine. These alternative pathways of drug elimination appear to compensate for the reduced renal excretion in patients with renal impairment. Nonetheless, some modification of dosage is recommended, particularly for patients with severe renal dysfunction. Dosage guidelines for use in patients with renal impairment are shown in Table 4.
Creatinine Clearance (mL/min)
Dose
> 50
See Usual Dosage.
30–50
250–500 mg every12 hours
5–29
250–500 mg every 18 hours
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
Patients on hemodialysis or Peritoneal dialysis
250–500 mg every 24 hours (after dialysis)
When only the serum creatinine concentration is known, the following formulas may be used to estimate creatinine clearance:
Men – Creatinine clearance (mL/min) = Weight (kg) x (140–age)
72 x serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Women – 0.85 x the value calculated for men.
The serum creatinine should represent a steady state of renal function.
In patients with severe infections and severe renal impairment, a unit dose of 750 mg may be administered at the intervals noted above. Patients should be carefully monitored.
Pediatric patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency were excluded from the clinical trial of cUTI and pyelonephritis. No information is available on dosing adjustments necessary for pediatric patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency (that is, creatinine clearance of < 50 mL/min/1.73m2).
Administer CIPRO at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium/aluminum antacids; polymeric phosphate binders (for example, sevelamer, lanthanum carbonate) or sucralfate; Videx® (didanosine) chewable/buffered tablets or pediatric powder for oral solution; other highly buffered drugs; or other products containing calcium, iron or zinc.
Concomitant administration of CIPRO with dairy products (like milk or yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone should be avoided since decreased absorption is possible; however, CIPRO may be taken with a meal that contains these products.
Assure adequate hydration of patients receiving CIPRO to prevent the formation of highly concentrated urine. Crystalluria has been reported with quinolones.
Instruct the patient of the appropriate CIPRO administration [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].
CIPRO Oral Suspension is supplied in 5% (5 g ciprofloxacin in 100 mL) and 10% (10 g ciprofloxacin in 100 mL) strengths. CIPRO oral suspension is composed of two components (microcapsules and diluent) that must be combined prior to dispensing.
Dose
5%
(250 mg/5 mL)
10%
(500 mg/5 mL)
250 mg
5 mL
2.5 mL
500 mg
10 mL
5 mL
750 mg
15 mL
7.5 mL
Preparation of the suspension:
Step1
The small bottle contains the microcapsules, the large bottle contains the diluent.
Step 2
Open both bottles. Child-proof cap: Press down according to instructions on the cap while turning to the left.
Step 3
Pour the microcapsules completely into the larger bottle of diluent. Do not add water to the suspension.
Step 4
Step 5: Write the expiration date of the re-constituted oral suspension on the bottle label.
Reconstituted product may be stored below 30°C (86°F) for 14 days. Protect from freezing.
No additions should be made to the mixed final ciprofloxacin suspension. CIPRO Oral Suspension should not be administered through feeding or NG (nasogastric) tubes due to its physical characteristics.
Figure 1: Co-packaged 5 mL graduated teaspoon
The Co-packaged graduated teaspoon (5mL) is provided, with markings for 1/2 (2.5 mL) and 1/1 (5 mL)
After treatment has been completed, CIPRO Oral Suspension should not be reused.
Table : 5% Cipro for Oral Suspension: 250 mg ciprofloxacin per 5 mL after reconstitution
Infection
Body weight (kg)
Dose by Measuring Spoonful(s) using Co-Packed Spoon*
(teaspoonful (s) (volume (mL))
Dose Strength
(mg)
Complicated Urinary Tract or Pyelonephritis (patients from 1 to 17 years of age)1
and Plague2
9 kg to 12 kg
½ teaspoonful (2.5 mL)
125 mg
13 kg to 18 kg
1 teaspoonful (5 mL)
250 mg
19 kg to 24 kg
1 to 1 ½ teaspoonful(s) (5 mL to 7.5 mL)
250 mg̶̶ to 375 mg
25 kg to 31 kg
1 ½ to 2 teaspoonfuls (7.5 mL to 10 mL)
375 mg to 500 mg
32 kg to 37 kg
1 ½ to 2 ½ teaspoonfuls (7.5 mL to 12.5 mL)
375 mg to 625 mg
38 kg or more
2 to 3 teaspoonfuls (10 mL to 15 mL)
500 mg to 750 mg
Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure)3
9 kg to 12 kg
½ teaspoonful (2.5 mL)
125 mg
13 kg to 18 kg
1 teaspoonful (5 mL)
250 mg
19 kg to 24 kg
1 to 1 ½ teaspoonful(s) (5 mL to 7.5 mL)
250 mg̶̶ to 375 mg
25 kg or more
2 teaspoonfuls (10 mL)
500 mg
* A graduated teaspoon (5mL) with markings 1/2 (2.5) mL and 1/1 (5 mL) is provided for the patient.
1Administer every 12 hours for 10-21 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]
2Administer every 8-12 hours for 10-21 days for Pediatric patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]; for adults administer every 12 hours for 14 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]
3Administer every 12 hours for 60 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 and 2.2)]
Infection
Body weight (kg)
Dose by Measuring Spoonful(s) using Co-Packed Spoon* (teaspoonful (s) (volume (mL))
Dose Strength
(mg)
Complicated Urinary Tract or Pyelonephritis (patients from 1 to 17 years of age)1
and Plague2
13 kg to 24 kg
½ teaspoonful (2.5 mL)
250 mg
25 kg
½ to 1 teaspoonful (2.5 mL to 5 mL)
250 mg to 500 mg
26 kg to 37 kg
1 teaspoonful (5 mL)
500 mg
38 kg or more
1 to 1½ teaspoonful(s) (5 mL to 7.5 mL)
500 mg to maximum dose of 750 mg
Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure)3
13 kg to 24 kg
½ teaspoonful (2.5 mL)
250 mg
25 kg or more
1 teaspoonful (5 mL)
500 mg
* A graduated teaspoon (5mL) with markings 1/2 (2.5) mL and 1/1 (5 mL) is provided for the patient.
1Administer every 12 hours for 10-21 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]
2Administer every 8-12 hours for 10-21 days for Pediatric patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]; for adults administer every 12 hours for 14 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]
3Administer every 12 hours for 60 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 and 2.2)]
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Medical Disclaimer
Other brands: Proquin XR
prednisone, amoxicillin, doxycycline, albuterol, ranitidine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cephalexin, Augmentin
Cipro reviews
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Generic Name: ciprofloxacin (oral) (SIP roe FLOX a sin)Brand Names: Cipro, Cipro XR, Proquin XR
Medically reviewed by Kaci Durbin, MD Last updated on Dec 13, 2018.
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (flor-o-KWIN-o-lone) antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. It is used to treat different types of bacterial infections, including skin infections, bone and joint infections, respiratory or sinus infections, urinary tract infections, and certain types of diarrhea. It is also used to treat gonorrhea.
Ciprofloxacin is also used to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax or certain types of plague.
Ciprofloxacin should be used only for infections that cannot be treated with a safer antibiotic.
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause serious or disabling side effects that may not be reversible, such as tendon rupture or nerve problems.
Ciprofloxacin can cause serious side effects, including tendon problems, nerve damage, serious mood or behavior changes, or low blood sugar.
Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have symptoms such as: headache, hunger, irritability, numbness, tingling, burning pain, confusion, agitation, paranoia, problems with memory or concentration, thoughts of suicide, or sudden pain or movement problems in any of your joints.
In rare cases, ciprofloxacin may cause damage to your aorta, which could lead to dangerous bleeding or death. Get emergency medical help if you have severe and constant pain in your chest, stomach, or back.
You may not be able to use ciprofloxacin if you have a muscle disorder. Tell your doctor if you have a history of myasthenia gravis.
You should not use ciprofloxacin if you are allergic to it, or if:
you also take tizanidine; or
you are allergic to other fluoroquinolones (gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and others).
You also take theophylline
Ciprofloxacin may cause swelling or tearing of a tendon (the fiber that connects bones to muscles in the body), especially in the Achilles’ tendon of the heel. This can happen during treatment or up to several months after you stop taking this medicine. Tendon problems may be more likely in certain people (children and older adults, or people who use steroid medicine or have had an organ transplant).
To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:
tendon problems, bone problems, arthritis, or other joint problems (especially in children);
blood circulation problems, aneurysm, narrowing or hardening of the arteries;
heart problems, high blood pressure;
a genetic disease such as Marfan syndrome or Ehler’s-Danlos syndrome;
diabetes;
a muscle or nerve disorder, such as myasthenia gravis;
kidney disease;
seizures or epilepsy;
a head injury or brain tumor;
long QT syndrome (in you or a family member); or
low levels of potassium in your blood (hypokalemia).
Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.
It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant.
You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.
Take ciprofloxacin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets.
You may take ciprofloxacin with or without food, at the same time each day.
Shake the oral suspension (liquid) for 15 seconds before you measure a dose. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon). Do not give ciprofloxacin oral suspension through a feeding tube.
Swallow the extended-release tablet whole and do not crush, chew, or break it.
Use ciprofloxacin for the full prescribed length of time, even if your symptoms quickly improve. Skipping doses can increase your risk of infection that is resistant to medication. This medicine will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold.
Do not share ciprofloxacin with another person.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid medicine to freeze. Throw away any unused liquid after 14 days.
Ciprofloxacin dosage information (in more detail)
Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
Do not take ciprofloxacin with dairy products such as milk or yogurt, or with calcium- fortified juice. You may eat or drink these products with your meals, but do not use them alone when taking ciprofloxacin. They could make the medication less effective.
Using caffeine while taking ciprofloxacin can increase the effects of the caffeine.
Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, call your doctor before using anti-diarrhea medicine.
Ciprofloxacin could make you sunburn more easily. Avoid sunlight or tanning beds. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) when you are outdoors. Tell your doctor if you have severe burning, redness, itching, rash, or swelling after being in the sun.
Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how this medicine will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to ciprofloxacin (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling).
Ciprofloxacin can cause serious side effects, including tendon problems, side effects on your nerves (which may cause permanent nerve damage), serious mood or behavior changes (after just one dose), or low blood sugar (which can lead to coma).
Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have:
low blood sugar – headache, hunger, sweating, irritability, dizziness, nausea, fast heart rate, or feeling anxious or shaky;
nerve symptoms in your hands, arms, legs, or feet – numbness, weakness, tingling, burning pain;
serious mood or behavior changes – nervousness, confusion, agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, memory problems, trouble concentrating, thoughts of suicide; or
signs of tendon rupture – sudden pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, stiffness, movement problems, or a snapping or popping sound in any of your joints (rest the joint until you receive medical care or instructions).
In rare cases, ciprofloxacin may cause damage to your aorta, the main blood artery of the body. This could lead to dangerous bleeding or death. Get emergency medical help if you have severe and constant pain in your chest, stomach, or back.
Also, stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have:
severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness (like you might pass out);
the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild;
muscle weakness, breathing problems;
little or no urination;
jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
increased pressure inside the skull – severe headaches, ringing in your ears, dizziness, nausea, vision problems, pain behind your eyes.
Common ciprofloxacin side effects may include:
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;
vaginal itching or discharge;
headache; or
abnormal liver function tests.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Ciprofloxacin side effects (in more detail)
Some medicines can make ciprofloxacin much less effective when taken at the same time. If you take any of the following medicines, take your dose 2 hours before or 6 hours after you take the other medicine.
the ulcer medicine sucralfate, or antacids that contain calcium, magnesium, or aluminum (such as Maalox, Milk of Magnesia, Mylanta, Pepcid Complete, Rolaids, Tums, and others);
didanosine (Videx) powder or chewable tablets;
lanthanum carbonate or sevelamer; or
vitamin or mineral supplements that contain calcium, iron, magnesium, or zinc.
Tell your doctor about all your other medicines, especially:
cyclosporine, methotrexate, metoclopramide, phenytoin, probenecid, ropinirole, sildenafil, or theophylline;
a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven);
a diuretic or “water pill”;
heart rhythm medication;
insulin or oral diabetes medicine (check your blood sugar regularly);
medicine to treat depression or mental illness;
steroid medicine (such as prednisone); or
NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsa>) – ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others.
This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with ciprofloxacin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here.
Ciprofloxacin drug interactions (in more detail)
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use ciprofloxacin only for the indication prescribed.
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Copyright 1996-2019 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 22.01.
Medical Disclaimer
Other brands: Cipro, Cipro I.V., Proquin XR
prednisone, amoxicillin, doxycycline, albuterol, ranitidine, metronidazole, clindamycin, cephalexin, Augmentin, azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin reviews
The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Available for Android and iOS devices.
Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, alerts, new drug approvals and more.
Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 1 Aug 2019), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Aug 2019), Wolters Kluwer™ (updated 31 July 2019) and others.
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سیپروفلوکساسین
سیپروفلوکساسین از دسته ی آنتی بیوتیک های کینولینی است که در درمان بعضی عفونت ها ازجمله عفونت های تنفسی، ادراری، پروستات، گوارشی، مفصلی و استخوانی و برخی از عفونت های تناسلی کاربرد دارد.
این دارو بصورت قرص خوراکی، قطره ی چشمی، ویال و محلول آماده ی تزریق موجود می باشد.
در برخی عفونت های چشمی قطره ی سیپروفلوکساسین را تجویزمی کنند.
منع مصرف سیپروفلوکساسین در فاوویسم
پیش از مصرف سیپروفلوکساسین
-در صورت بارداری یا اقدام به بارداری، شیردهی، مشکلات عضلانی،التهاب و یا کشیدگی تاندون ها، مشکل کلیوی، قلبی،بیماری صرع و سایر موارد پزشک خود را مطلع نمایید.
-در صورتی که مبتلا به فاویسم می باشید مصرف این دارو برای شما مناسب نیست.
-مصرف این دارو در افراد زیر ۱۸ سال تنها در شرایط خاص و با تجویز پزشک متخصص توصیه می شود.
-از آنجا که این دارو می تواند در عملکرد داروهای دیگر در بدن اختلال ایجاد کند لازم است پیش از شروع مصرف لیستی از کلیه ی داروهای مصرفی خود در اختیار پزشک یا داروسازتان قرار دهید.
-در صورت سابقه ی هرگونه حساسیت دارویی خصوصا حساسیت به آنتی بیوتک هایی مانند افلوکساسین، نورفلوکساسین، لووفلوکساسین، موکسی فلوکساسین و نالیدیکسیک اسید ،حتما به پزشک خود اطلاع دهید.
نحوه ی مصرف سیپروفلوکساسین
آنتی بیوتیک ها را دقیقا مطابق دستور پزشک مصرف کنید و دوره ی درمان را حتی اگر احساس بهبودی میکنید و علائمتان برطرف شده است کامل کنید زیرا در این زمان ممکن است هنوز باکتری بصورت کامل ریشه کن نشده باشد و این کار احتمال بروز مقاومت ميكروبی را افزایش می دهد.
مقاومت میکروبی یکی از مشکلات جهانی می باشد که با سرعت زیادی رو به افزایش است ودر صورتی که مصرف بی رویه و نامناسب آنتی بیوتیک ها در دنیا ادامه یابد با مشکلات تهدید کننده ی حیات مواجه خواهیم شد.زماني كه اين داروها بدون تجويزپزشك ،با مقدار نامناسب يا طول درمان نامناسب مصرف شوند،نه تنها اثرات مطلوب براي خود فرد ندارند بلكه منجر به عدم ريشه كن شدن باكتري هاي موجود در بدن آن فرد مي شوند و علاوه بر اين،باكتري هايي كه در معرض دارو قرار گرفته اند اما از بين نرفته اند، نسبت به اين دارو مقاومت پيدا مي كنند.اين مسأله منجر به ايجاد نسل جديد و مقاومي از ميكروب ها مي شود كه ديگر به سادگي به داروهاي آنتي بيوتيكي موجود، پاسخ نمي دهند.
از آنجا كه عموماً عفونت ها مسری می باشند مصرف بي رويه ی آنتی بیوتیک ها نه تنها براي خود فرد بيمار بلكه براي ساير افراد جامعه نیز مشکل آفرین می باشد.
-قرص خوراکی این دارو باید حتما بطور کامل بلعیده شود لذا از خرد کردن یا جویدن آن بپرهیزید. از آنجایی که این قرص دارای طعم نامطبوعی می باشد می توانید آن را همراه با یک لیوان آب میل نمایید.
– مصرف شیر و لبنیات، آب پرتقال و نوشیدنی های انرژی زا همراه با این دارو منجر به کاهش اثربخشی آن می شود.
-درمان ا این دارو معمولا به صورت دوبار در روز به مدت یک هفته یا بیشتر می باشد. با این وجود برای برخی عفونت ها ممکن است حتی به صورت یک قرص تکی تجویز شود.به همین دلیل طول درمان و مقدار مصرف را به طور دقیق از پزشک خود سوال بفرمایید.
-این دارو با غذا تداخل خاصی ندارد و می توان آن را قبل یا بعد از غذا مصرف کرد. اگر قرص به صورت دو نوبت در روز تجویز گردد، بهتر است فاصله ی بین دو نوبت 12 ساعت باشد.
-در مدت درمان با این دارو مصرف آب و مایعات به مقدار کافی احتمال بروز عوارض را کاهش می دهد.
-در مدت درمان با این دارو مصرف شیر ولبنیات، شربت های ضداسید معده و مکمل های حاوی آهن یا روی را حداقل ۲ ساعت با مصرف این دارو فاصله دهید.
-در مدت درمان با این دارو حساسیت بدن شما به نور بیشتر خواهد شد. لذا تا حد ممکن از قرارگرفتن در معرض نور مستقیم خودداری کنید و از کرم ضدافتاب، پوشش مناسب و عینک آفتابی استفاده کنید.
-در صورت اقدام به هرگونه واكسيناسيون پزشك خود را از مصرف اين دارو مطلع نماييد.
-در برخی افراد با مصرف آنتی بیوتیک ها ضایعات قرمز همراه با خارش در دهان یا واژن ایجاد می شود.در صورت بروز این علائم به پزشک خود مراجعه نمایید.
-مصرف این دارو سرگیجه ی مختصری ایجاد می کند. لذا از رانندگی و فعالیت هایی که نیاز به تمرکز بیشتری دارند تا زمانی که اثر دارو برطرف نشده است، خودداری نمایید.
-از آنجا که سیپروفلوکساسین می تواند بر روی سطح قند خون موثر باشد، در افراد دیابتی کنترل قند خون روزانه در مدت درمان با این دارو ضروری می باشد.
عوارض شایع سیپروفلوکساسین
-احساس خستگی، تهوع یا استفراغ از عوارض شایع مصرف سیپروفلوکساسین می باشد که با مصرف وعده های غذایی سبک و همچنین مصرف دارو پس از غذا می توان آن را کنترل نمود.
-اسهال خفیف و درد حین ادرار کردن نیز از عوارض شایع سیپروفلوکساسین می باشد که با مصرف مایعات بمقدار کافی، می توان آنها را برطرف کرد با این حال اگر اسهال ادامه دار شد و یا حاوی خون بود، حتما به پزشک مراجعه نمایید.
عوارض خاص اما مهم
این دارو می تواند عوارض نادر اما مهمی داشته باشد که علی رغم اینکه احتمال وقوع آنها کم می باشد اما پیگیری و توجه به آنها بسیار مهم می باشد.لذا در صورت داشتن علائم سرفه همراه با گلودرد ،خشکی و التهاب چشم و. بروز لکه های قرمز پوستی فوراًبه پزشک خود یا مرکز درمانی مراجعه کنید.
-در موارد کمی مصرف این آنتی بیوتیک کینولینی منجر به انقباضات و کشیدگی عضلات و آسیب تاندون ها ومفاصل می شود. در صورت احساس درد و کشیدگی در عضلات و مفاصل در مدت درمان با این دارو، در اولین فرصت پیش از مصرف نوبت بعدی دارو به پزشک مراجعه نمایید.
مصرف بی رویه سیپروفلوکساسین باعث شده که بسیاری از باکتری ها که قبلا به راحتی با این دارو از بین می رفتند نسبت به سیپروفلوکساسین مقاومت پیدا کرده اند.
مطالب ویژه با همکاری آقای دکتر مهدی شاهمیرانی
بهترین آنتی بیوتیک برای درمان عفونت ادراری تحتانی بدون عارضه کدام است؟
این مقاله، یکی از 20 مطالعه پژوهشی برتر سال 2013 است که براساس پایش منظم مقالات توسط جمعی از اعضای انجمن پزشکی کانادا انتخاب گردیده است. این مطالعات که بعنوان شواهد بیمار-محور ارزشمند شناخته می شوند، امتیاز بالایی را بعلت مرتبط بودن و توانایی تغییر در طبابت را به دست آورده اند. این مقاله در گایدلاین کالج پزشکان خانواده آمریکا ( aafp ) هم به ثبت رسیده است. با وجود اینکه مقاله های بسیار زیادی در مجلات پژوهشی انگلیسی زبان در سال 2013 منتشر گردیدند ولی فقط تعداد کمی مورد معیارهای شواهد مهم مبتنی بر بیمار ( POEM ) را از نظر روایی، مرتبط بودن، استفاده از پیامدهای بیمار محور و تغییر در طبابت دارا بودند و 20 مطالعه از این مطالعات جز مطالعات برتر پژوهشی شناخته شدند:
– مطالعه 15 (از 20 مطالعه ) زنان مبتلا به سوزش ادرار مراجعه کننده به مطبهای مراقبت اولیه را تحت پیگیری قرار داد تا بهترین سوالها را برای تشخیص عفونت ادراری تحتانی مشخص کند. مهمترین سوالاتی که پاسخ مثبت به آنها احتمال عفونت ادراری تحتانی را افزایش میداد عبارت بودند از:
– آیا خودتان فکر می کنید که عفونت ادراری تحتانی ( عفونت مثانه و پیشابراه ) دارید؟
– آیا سوزش ادراری شما واقعا شدید است؟ و علائم تحریک واژن ندارید؟
– در مجموع، ده مطالعه به بررسی 8 آنتی بیوتیک برای عفونت ادراری تحتانی پرداخته بودند و محققان مطالعه 16 ( از 20 مطالعه ) با استفاده از روشی موسوم به فرابررسی شبکه ای سعی کردند تا تمامی این داروها را باهم مقایسه کنند. آنها دریافتند که سیپروفلوکساسین و گاتی فلوکساسین در کوتاه مدت تا حدی موثرتر هستند و آموکسی سیلین-کلاوونیک اسید ( کوآموکسی کلاو) نسبت به بقیه اثربخشی کمتری دارد ولی زیان داروهای مختلف، مشابه بود.
مطالعه 16: بهترین آنتی بیوتیک برای درمان عفونت ادراری تحتانی بدون عارضه کدام است؟
این فرابررسی شبکه ای نشان داد که اثربخشی آنتی بیوتیکهای مورد استفاده رایج برای عفونت ادراری تحتانی مشابه است و فقط یک استثنا وجود دارد؛ اثربخشی کوآموکسی کلاو به صورت معنی داری کمتر از بقیه می باشد.
Ebell MH, Grad R. Top 20 Research Studies of 2013 for Primary Care Physician. American Academy Family Physician (aafp) September 15, 2014; 90: 397-402.
آیا مصرف فلوروکینولونها در کودکان جایز است؟
– تجویز سیستمیک فلوروکینولونها در کودکان زیر 18 سال توصیه نمی شود، زیرا مطالعات در حیوانات نابالغ نشان دادند که این داروها باعث افزایش خطر آتروپاتی همراه با ضایعات غضروف در مفاصل می شوند.
– یک دیدگاه وجود دارد که در غیاب آرتروپاتی ناشی از این داروها در انسان که در طی دهه های گذشته دیده شده است، مزایای فلوروکینولونها، مخصوصا در کودکان دچار سیستیک فیبروز، نسبت به خطر سمیت مفصلی کوتاه مدت و اندک این داروها ارجح می باشد.
– این دیدگاه از یک مطالعه حمایت می کند که در این مطالعه به ارزیابی خطرات و سمیت اسکلتی- عضلانی در طول پنج سال پیگیری در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیت میانی حاد یا پنومونی اکتسابی از جامعه که برای درمان از لووفلوکساسین یا مقایسه کننده استفاده کرده بودند، پرداخته بود. کودکانی که در سال اول پیگیری، دچار عوارض اسکلتی_عضلانی شدند به مدت چهار سال دیگر ( در مجموع پنج سال) پیگیری شدند. از بین کودکانی که در سالهای دوم تا پنجم پیگیری، با عوارض اسکلتی-عضلانی شناسایی شدند تعداد آنهایی که این عارضه، احتمالا مربوط به دارو بود در هر دو گروه ( لووفلوکساسین و مقایسه کننده) مساوی بود ( 1 از 1340 در گروه مصرف کننده لووفلوکساسین، 1 از 893 در گروه مقایسه کننده) و در نهایت هیچ عوارضی جانبی اسکلتی- عضلانی به لووفلوکساسین احتمال داده نشد.
– سیپروفلوکساسین توسط سازمان غذاوداروی آمریکا در درمان عفونت ادراری پیچیده و پیلونفریت مرتبط با اشرشیا. کلی در کودکان، تایید شده است.
– سیپروفلوکساسین و لووفلوکساسین توسط سازمان غذاوداروی آمریکا در پروفیلاکسی بعد از تماس آنتراکس ( سیاه زخم ) استنشاقی، درمان و پیشگیری از طاعون ( plague ) تایید شده اند.
– آکادمی متخصصین کودکان آمریکا ( AAP ) توصیه می کند که استفاده از فلوروکینولونهای سیستمیک در کودکان باید به درمان عفونتهایی محدود شود که هیچ آنتی بیوتیک موثر و ایمن دیگر وجود نداشته باشد و یا در مواردی که استفاده از فلوروکینولونهای خوراکی، جایگزین منطقی به جای درمان تزریقی آنتی بیوتیکهایی از گروه دیگر باشد.
دکتر مهدی شاهمیرانی
Reference 1
Reference 2
Reference 3
چنانچه در خصوص “سیپروفلوکساسین” سوالی دارید، عارضه خاصی مشاهده نموده اید و یا مطلب ویژه ای به نظرتان می رسد با دیگران به اشتراک بگذارید
Cipro (ciprofloxacin) is a brand-name prescription antibiotic medication. It’s used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Cipro belongs to a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones.
Cipro is effective for treating infections caused by many different types of bacteria. These include bacteria that cause infections in the urinary tract, abdomen, skin, prostate, and bone, as well as other types of infections.
Cipro comes in several forms:
Cipro is available as a generic drug. The generic drug name is ciprofloxacin.
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
Ciprofloxacin (generic Cipro) is available in several forms, including:
Cipro can cause mild or serious side effects. The following list contains some of the key side effects that may occur while taking Cipro. This list does not include all possible side effects.
For more information on the possible side effects of Cipro, or tips on how to deal with a troubling side effect, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.
The more common side effects of Cipro include:
Also, results from a liver function test can be higher than normal. This is usually temporary, but can also be a sign of liver damage.
Most of these side effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
This is not common, but in some cases, Cipro can cause more serious side effects. Call your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency.
Serious side effects and their symptoms can include:
Due to these safety concerns, the FDA has recommended that drugs such as Cipro should not be used as a first-choice antibiotic for sinus infections, bronchitis, or urinary tract infections. For these conditions, the potential risks of treatment with Cipro outweigh the benefits.
Other antibiotics should be used as a first choice.
Most Cipro side effects occur soon after the medication is taken. However, taking Cipro long-term may increase the risk of experiencing severe side effects. These long-term side effects can include tendon damage, liver damage, intestinal infection, and nerve problems.
Diarrhea is a common side effect of antibiotics including Cipro. About 2 to 5 percent of people who take Cipro have diarrhea. Sometimes diarrhea can become severe with loose watery stools, bloody stools, stomach cramps, and fever. This may be due to an intestinal infection.
If you have severe diarrhea while taking Cipro, talk to your doctor. Otherwise, diarrhea typically goes away shortly after the medication is stopped.
Some people who take Cipro get headaches. In clinical studies, less than 1 percent of people had headaches while taking Cipro. These headaches are usually mild and may go away with continued use of the drug. If you get a headache that doesn’t go away while you’re taking Cipro, talk to your doctor.
Vaginal yeast infections can sometimes occur after treatment with antibiotics, including Cipro. If you’ve never had a yeast infection before and think you might have one, see your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment.
Cipro use is typically avoided in children because it might cause joint damage in children. Symptoms of joint damage in children can include reduced joint movement and joint pain. If your child is taking Cipro and has these symptoms, call their doctor right away.
Older adults are more likely than younger adults to have side effects from Cipro. However, the types of side effects they have are the same as those in younger adults.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves medications, such as Cipro, to treat certain conditions.
Cipro is FDA-approved for treating many different types of infections in adults. Examples of these FDA-approved uses include:
Less common FDA-approved uses include:
Cipro XR extended-release tablets are only approved for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Although Cipro is effective, the FDA has recommended that Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics should not be used as a first-choice antibiotic for certain infections, such as:
For these conditions, the risk of serious side effects caused by Cipro outweigh the benefits. Other antibiotics should be used as a first choice.
Cipro is also sometimes used off-label for uses that are not approved by the FDA. Examples of these include:
The generic version of Cipro is approved to treat all of the conditions that Cipro is approved for. In addition to those conditions, ciprofloxacin is approved to treat ear infections.
Cipro is FDA-approved for use in children to treat certain infections, such as severe urinary tract infection. However, Cipro is not the first choice for use in children due to concerns that it may cause joint damage in children.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics only be used in children when there’s no other safe or effective option.
Cipro is an antibiotic in the class of fluoroquinolones. This type of antibiotic is bactericidal. This means that it directly kills bacteria. It does this by blocking enzymes that are needed for bacteria survival.
Cipro is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. This means it works against many different types of bacteria. However, many bacteria have grown to be resistant to Cipro. Resistant bacteria can no longer be treated with a certain drug.
Cipro begins to work against bacterial infections within hours of when you take it. However, you may not notice improvement in your symptoms for a few days.
The Cipro dosage your doctor prescribes will depend on several factors. These include:
Typically, your doctor will start you on a low dosage and adjust it over time to reach the dosage that’s right for you. They’ll ultimately prescribe the smallest dosage that provides the desired effect.
The following information describes dosages that are commonly used or recommended. However, be sure to take the dosage your doctor prescribes for you. Your doctor will determine the best dosage to suit your needs.
The typical dosage for immediate-release Cipro is 250–750 mg every 12 hours for up to 14 days. Your doctor will determine the best form and dosage of Cipro for your condition.
Cipro XR extended-release tablets are only approved for treating urinary tract infections.
قرص ciprofloxacin 250
If you have kidney disease, your doctor may prescribe Cipro at a lower dose or have you take the medication less frequently.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. However, if it’s just a few hours until your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one on schedule.
Never try to catch up by taking two doses at a time. This can cause dangerous side effects.
Take Cipro exactly according to your doctor’s instructions. You might start to feel better before you finish your entire Cipro treatment. Even if you start to feel better, don’t stop taking Cipro. In many cases, it’s important to finish the entire treatment to make sure the infection doesn’t come back.
If you’re feeling better and want to stop Cipro early, be sure to talk with your doctor first to make sure it’s safe to do so.
Cipro tablets and suspension should be taken at about the same time each day in the morning and the evening.
Cipro XR extended-release tablets should be taken once daily at about the same time each day.
Cipro can be taken with or without food. Either way you take it, be sure to consume plenty of fluids while taking Cipro.
Cipro shouldn’t be taken along with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices. It should be taken at least two hours before or after consuming these products. However, Cipro can be taken along with a meal that contains dairy products or calcium-fortified foods or drinks.
Cipro tablets and Cipro XR extended-release tablets should not be crushed, split, or chewed. They should be swallowed whole.
Cipro suspension should be shaken well before you take it.
Cipro can interact with several other medications. It can also interact with certain supplements as well as certain foods.
Different interactions can cause different effects. For instance, some can interfere with how well a drug works, while others can cause increased side effects.
Below is a list of medications that can interact with Cipro. This list does not contain all drugs that may interact with Cipro.
Before taking Cipro, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all prescription, over-the-counter, and other drugs you take. Also tell them about any vitamins, herbs, and supplements you use. Sharing this information can help you avoid potential interactions.
If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Many antacids (such as Tums, Gaviscon, and Maalox) contain calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide. These ingredients can bind to Cipro and prevent your body from absorbing it. This can decrease how well Cipro works.
To avoid this interaction, take Cipro at least two hours before taking an antacid, or six hours afterward.
Taking Cipro with oral anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) might increase the anticoagulant effects. This might result in increased bleeding. If you take an anticoagulant, your doctor may need to monitor your bleeding risk more frequently if you take Cipro.
Certain medications prolong your QT interval, which means they might affect the rhythm of your heartbeat. Taking Cipro with these drugs can increase the risk of having a dangerous irregular heartbeat. Cipro should be avoided or used very carefully with these medications.
Examples of these medications include:
Taking Cipro with clozapine (Versacloz, Fazaclo ODT) can increase the levels of clozapine in the body and increase the risk of clozapine side effects.
Cipro can increase the blood sugar-lowering effects of certain diabetes drugs, such as glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase PresTabs) and glimepiride (Amaryl). This might cause blood sugar levels to become too low.
Taking Cipro with methotrexate (Rasuvo, Otrexup) can increase the levels of methotrexate in your body and increase the risk of methotrexate side effects.
Probenecid can increase Cipro levels in the body and increase the risk of Cipro side effects.
Taking Cipro with ropinirole (Requip, Requip XL) can increase the levels of ropinirole in the body and increase the risk of ropinirole side effects.
Taking Cipro with the seizure drug phenytoin (Dilantin, Dilantin-125, Phenytek) can cause phenytoin levels in the body to become too low. This can result in uncontrolled seizures in people taking phenytoin for epilepsy.
Taking Cipro with sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio) can increase the levels of sildenafil in your body and increase the risk of sildenafil side effects.
Taking Cipro with theophylline can increase levels of theophylline in your body. This can cause serious theophylline side effects. These include nausea, vomiting, jitters, irritability, abnormal heartbeat, heart attack, seizures, and breathing failure. Cipro and theophylline should not be taken together if possible.
Cipro can increase the sedative and blood pressure effects of tizanidine (Zanaflex). Cipro and tizanidine shouldn’t be taken together.
Cipro can increase the levels of zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Intermezzo) in the body. This might result in excessive sedation from zolpidem.
Cipro can prolong your QT interval, which means it might affect the rhythm of your heartbeat. In rare cases, metronidazole (Flagyl, Flagyl ER) might also cause QT interval prolongation. Using these drugs together might increase the risk of a dangerous irregular heartbeat.
Talk to your doctor before using these drugs together.
There are no known interactions between Cipro and Tylenol (acetaminophen).
There are no known interactions between Cipro and tinidazole.
Some vitamin and supplement products can bind to Cipro and prevent your body from absorbing it. This can decrease how well Cipro works. These supplements include:
To avoid this interaction, you should take Cipro at least two hours before you take these supplements, or at least six hours afterward.
Cipro can interact with certain foods.
Dairy foods or calcium-fortified juice can bind to Cipro and prevent your body from absorbing it. This can decrease how well Cipro works. To avoid this interaction, you should take Cipro at least two hours before you consume these foods, or at least two hours afterward.
Cipro can increase the effects of caffeine consumed from coffee, tea, chocolate, and other sources. This might increase the risk of caffeine-related side effects such as nervousness, jitteriness, and trouble sleeping.
Taking Cipro with alcohol will not make the antibiotic less effective, but the combination might increase the risk of certain side effects or make side effects worse. Examples of side effects that might be more likely to occur, or worsened by alcohol use, include:
Cipro is FDA-approved for use in children to treat certain infections, such as severe urinary tract infection. The typical dosage for children ages 1–17 years is 10–20 mg/kg every 12 hours for 7 to 21 days. The dosage should not be more than 750 mg every 12 hours.
Even though Cipro is FDA-approved for use in children, it’s not the first choice. In fact, it’s usually avoided in children due to concerns that it may damage joints in children.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics only be used in children when there’s no other safe or effective alternative.
There haven’t been enough studies done in pregnant humans to be sure how this drug might affect a fetus. Some research suggests that taking Cipro early in pregnancy might increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. Other studies have not found this effect on pregnancy.
Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk.
You should not breastfeed while taking this medication. Cipro can pass through breast milk and cause side effects in a child who is breastfed.
Tell your doctor if you’re breastfeeding. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.
There are many different antibiotics that are used as alternatives to Cipro. The most appropriate antibiotic to use can depend on your age, site of the infection, the type of bacteria causing the infection, drug allergies you may have, and the geographic region you live in.
If you’re interested in alternatives to Cipro, talk with your doctor about other antibiotic options that might be appropriate for you.
Note: Some of the drugs listed here are used off-label to treat these specific infections.
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat abdominal infections include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat bone and joint infections include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat diarrhea caused by infection include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat respiratory infections include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat sinus infection include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat skin infections include:
Examples of other drugs that may be used to treat urinary tract infections include:
You may wonder how other antibiotics compare to Cipro.
Cipro and Bactrim are both antibiotic drugs, but they belong to different drug classes. Cipro is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Bactrim is a sulfonamide antibiotic. Bactrim contains two drugs in one pill, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
Cipro and Bactrim are commonly used for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Cipro is available as an oral tablet and oral suspension that are taken twice daily. Cipro XR extended-release tablets are taken once daily. Bactrim is available as oral tablets and an oral suspension that are also taken twice daily.
Both Cipro and Bactrim are effective for treating UTIs. However, Cipro is not a first-choice medication for this condition, due to the risk of serious side effects. Cipro should only be used for UTIs when first-choice medications cannot be used.
According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Bactrim is usually a first-choice antibiotic for treating UTIs.
When comparing drugs, keep in mind that your doctor will make treatment recommendations based on your individual needs. They’ll consider several factors, such as the location of your infection, bacteria that might be causing your infection, and bacterial resistance rates in your geographic area.
They’ll also consider your age, gender, childbearing potential, other conditions you may have, your risk of side effects, and how severe your condition is.
Cipro and Bactrim cause similar common side effects such as:
People with a sulfa allergy should not take Bactrim.
Cipro is not a first-choice antibiotic for urinary tract infections due to the potential for serious side effects. These include tendon, joint, and nerve damage, and central nervous system side effects.
Cipro and Bactrim are both brand-name drugs. They’re both also available in generic forms. Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs. The generic name of Bactrim is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Brand-name Cipro is usually more expensive than brand-name Bactrim. The generic forms of these medications cost about the same. The actual amount you pay will depend on your insurance.
Cipro and Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) are both antibiotic drugs, but they belong to different drug classes. Cipro is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Macrobid is a nitrofuran antibiotic.
Cipro and Macrobid are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). However, Macrobid is only for mild or uncomplicated UTIs. It should not be used for more severe UTIs or kidney infections.
Cipro is sometimes used for more severe UTIs or kidney infections, but it’s not a first-choice antibiotic due to the risk of serious side effects.
Cipro is available as an oral tablet and oral suspension that are taken twice daily. Cipro XR extended-release tablets are taken once daily. Macrobid is available as an oral capsule that’s taken twice daily.
Both Cipro and Macrobid are effective for treating mild or uncomplicated urinary tract infections. However, according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Macrobid is usually a first-choice antibiotic for treating urinary tract infections.
Cipro should only be used for urinary tract infections when first-choice medications cannot be used. Cipro is not a first-choice medication for urinary tract infections due to the risk of serious side effects.
When comparing drugs, keep in mind that your doctor will make treatment recommendations based on your individual needs. They’ll consider several factors, such as the location of your infection, bacteria that might be causing your infection, and bacterial resistance rates in your area.
They’ll also consider your age, gender, childbearing potential, other conditions you may have, your risk of side effects, and how severe your condition is.
Cipro and Macrobid have some similar side effects, and some that differ. Below are examples of these side effects.
Cipro and Macrobid are both brand-name drugs. They’re both also available in generic forms. Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs. The generic name of Macrobid is nitrofurantoin.
Brand-name Cipro is usually more expensive than brand-name Macrobid. The generic form of Macrobid is usually more expensive than generic Cipro. The actual amount you pay will depend on your insurance.
Cipro and Levaquin (levofloxacin) are both fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
Cipro and Levaquin are FDA-approved for many similar uses. Examples of these include:
Cipro is also FDA-approved to treat abdominal and bone and joint infections.
Cipro is available as an oral tablet and oral suspension that are taken twice daily. Cipro XR extended-release tablets are taken once daily.
Levaquin is available as an oral tablet that’s taken once daily.
Both Cipro and Levaquin are effective for their FDA-approved uses. However, the FDA has recommended that Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including Levaquin, not be used as a first-choice antibiotic for certain infections. These include:
For these conditions, the risk of serious side effects caused by Cipro and Levaquin outweigh their benefits. Other antibiotics should be used as a first choice.
When comparing drugs, keep in mind that your doctor will make treatment recommendations based on your individual needs. They’ll consider several factors, such as the location of your infection, bacteria that might be causing your infection, and bacterial resistance rates in your area.
They’ll also consider your age, gender, childbearing potential, other conditions you may have, your risk of side effects, and how severe your condition is.
Cipro and Levaquin have similar common and serious side effects.
The more common side effects of Cipro and Levaquin include:
Cipro and Levaquin can also cause similar serious side effects including:
Because of these serious side effects, Cipro and Levaquin are often not considered first-choice antibiotics.
Cipro and Levaquin are both brand-name drugs. They’re both also available in generic forms. Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs. The generic name of Levaquin is levofloxacin.
Brand-name Levaquin is usually more expensive than brand-name Cipro. The generic forms of Cipro and Levaquin cost about the same. The actual amount you pay will depend on your insurance.
Cipro and Keflex (cephalexin) are both antibiotics, but they belong to different drug classes. Cipro is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Keflex is a cephalosporin antibiotic.
Cipro and Keflex are both FDA-approved to treat some similar infections. Examples of these include:
Cipro is also FDA-approved for abdominal infections.
Cipro is available as an oral tablet and oral suspension that are taken twice daily. Cipro XR extended-release tablets are taken once daily.
Keflex is available as an oral capsule that’s taken two to four times daily.
Cipro and Keflex are both effective for their FDA-approved uses. However, they’re not always considered a first-choice antibiotic. This may be because they’re less studied than other medications, or it may be due to the risk of side effects.
The FDA has recommended that Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics not be used as a first-choice antibiotic for certain infections. These include:
For these conditions, the risk of serious side effects caused by Cipro outweigh its benefits. Other antibiotics should be used as a first choice.
When comparing drugs, keep in mind that your doctor will make treatment recommendations based on your individual needs. They’ll consider several factors, such as the location of your infection, bacteria that might be causing your infection, and bacterial resistance rates in your area.
They’ll also consider your age, gender, childbearing potential, other conditions you may have, your risk of side effects, and how severe your condition is.
Cipro and Keflex have some similar common and serious side effects. Examples of these side effects are included below.
Cipro and Keflex are both brand-name drugs. They’re both also available in generic forms. Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs. The generic name of Keflex is cephalexin.
Brand-name Keflex is usually more expensive than brand-name Cipro. The generic forms of Cipro and Keflex cost about the same. The actual amount you pay will depend on your insurance.
Here are answers to some common questions about Cipro.
In most cases, Cipro treatment is short term, from 3 to 14 days. But for some infections, such as certain bone or joint infections, treatment may last several weeks.
Cipro does not usually cause you to feel tired, but in some cases, people report feeling tired while taking it. It’s common for people who have infections to feel fatigued or more tired than usual. Feeling more tired than usual may be due to your condition rather than the medication.
Yes, Cipro is an antibiotic.
No, Cipro is not a penicillin. Cipro is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
Taking too much Cipro can increase your risk of harmful or serious side effects.
Symptoms of an overdose of Cipro can include:
If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 800-222-1222 or through their online tool. But if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
Cipro is sometimes prescribed by veterinarians to treat infections in dogs and cats. It’s commonly used for urinary tract infections, and may also be used for other kinds of infections.
If you think your dog or cat has an infection, see your veterinarian for an evaluation and treatment. Different doses are used for animals than humans, so don’t try to treat your pet with a Cipro prescription intended for humans.
If you think your pet has eaten your prescription of Cipro, call your veterinarian right away.
Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause a falsely positive result for opioids on urine drug screenings. If you’re taking Cipro, consider disclosing this information before completing a drug screening.
How long Cipro stays in your system varies from person to person, but it’s usually one to two days.
Before taking Cipro, talk with your doctor about your health history. Cipro may not be appropriate for you if you have certain medical conditions.
For people with diabetes: Cipro and other fluoroquinolones can sometimes cause severe low blood sugar. This is more likely to happen in those with diabetes who are taking hypoglycemic drugs. You may need to monitor your blood sugar levels more closely if you take Cipro.
If your blood sugar gets too low, call your doctor. You may need to stop taking Cipro.
For people with myasthenia gravis: Cipro and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics can worsen muscle weakness in people with this condition. If you have myasthenia gravis, you should not take Cipro.
For people with QT interval prolongation: People with QT interval prolongation have a higher risk of having a potentially serious irregular heartbeat. Taking Cipro might worsen this condition, resulting in a life-threatening arrhythmia.
Sun exposure: Cipro can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. You may be more likely to get a severe sunburn while taking Cipro.
When Cipro is dispensed from the pharmacy, the pharmacist will add an expiration date to the label on the bottle. This date is typically one year from the date the medication was dispensed. Oral suspensions often have a much earlier expiration date.
The purpose of such expiration dates is to guarantee the effectiveness of the medication during this time.
The current stance of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to avoid using expired medications. However, an FDA study showed that many medications may still be good beyond the expiration date listed on the bottle.
How long a medication remains good can depend on many factors, including how and where the medication is stored. Cipro should be stored at room temperature in its original container.
If you have unused medication that has gone past the expiration date, talk to your pharmacist about whether you might still be able to use it.
The following information is provided for clinicians and other healthcare professionals.
Cipro is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has bactericidal effects through inhibition of bacteria DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
The bioavailability of Cipro is about 70 percent when taken orally. Maximum blood concentrations occur within one to two hours.
Food delays Cipro tablet absorption, resulting in peak levels occurring closer to two hours, but does not delay absorption of Cipro suspension. However, food does not change overall absorption and peak levels of Cipro tablet or suspension.
About 40 percent to 50 percent of Cipro is excreted in the urine unchanged. Urinary excretion of Cipro is complete within about 24 hours after dosing.
The half-life of Cipro about four to five hours for adults and children. In people with reduced kidney function, it may increase to six to nine hours.
Cipro is contraindicated in people with a history of hypersensitivity to Cipro or to any other fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
Concomitant administration with tizanidine is also contraindicated due to potentiation of sedative and hypotensive effects of tizanidine.
Cipro tablets should be stored at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
Reconstituted Cipro suspension should also be stored at room temperature for up to 14 days. The suspension should not be frozen.
Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.
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