قرص metronidazole

خواص دارویی و گیاهی

آرشیو موضوعی وبسایت

شما در حال حاضر اینجا هستید :

تغذیه و سلامتی

سلامت زنان

سلامت مردان

سلامت کودکان

سلامت میانسالان

سلامت روان

سلامت جنسی

اعتیاد و سیگار

پوست و مو

دهان و دندان

تناسب اندام

ویتامین و مکمل

انواع دارو ها

انواع بیماری

قرص مترونیدازول (METRONIDAZOLE) دارویی است که برای درمان طیفی از عفونت ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این دارو به گروهی از آنتی بیوتیک ها که نیتروایمیدازول نام دارند، تعلق دارد. این داروی آنتی بیوتیکی فقط برروی عفونت های باکتریایی و تک یاختگان تاثیر دارد. این دارو بر عفونت های ویروسی تاثیری ندارد. مصرف غیرلازم و یا مصرف بیش از حد آنتی بیوتیک ها باعث کاهش کارایی آنها می شود.

مترونیدازول برای از بین بردن باکتری ها و میکروارگانیسم ها که باعث عفونت در دستگاه تولید مثل، دستگاه گوارش، پوست، واژن و سایر قسمت های بدن هستند، تجویز و مصرف می شود. همچنین این دارو به همراه داروی ضد زخم برای درمان بعضی از انواع زخم های معده مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.

برای پیشگیری از ناراحتی معده، بهتر است این دارو را به همراه غذا و یا یک لیوان پر آب و یا شیر مصرف نمود. مقدار مورد استفاده بسته به بیماری شما، نوع عفونت و یا واکنش شما به درمان متغییر می باشد. توجه نمایید که تا زمانیکه مقدار تجویز شده توسط پزشک پایان نیافته است، به مصرف این دارو ادامه دهید، حتی اگر عفونت از بین برود.

قرص مترونیدازول ممکن است باعث عوارض جانبی‌ای همچون سرگیجه، سردرد، اسهال، تهوع و استفراغ، درد معده، کاهش اشتها، یبوست و خشکی دهان شود. اگر هریک از این تاثیرات باقی ماند و یا بدتر شد به پزشک خود مراجعه کرده و وی را باخبر نمایید.

این دارو ممکن است باعث تیره شدن ادرار گردد، اما نگران نباشید، این موضوع مشکل زا نیست. بیاد داشته باشید که پزشک شما به این دلیل از این قرص برای درمان شما استفاده کرده چراکه باور داشته که این دارو فوایدی بیشتر از خطرات و اثرات جانبی اش برروی شما دارد. خیلی از افرادیکه از این دارو استفاده می نمایند، دچار مشکلی خاص و جدی نمی شوند.

اگر تغییراتی غیرمعمول ولی جدی، همچون بی ثباتی، تشنج، تغییرات خلقی و ذهنی (همچون گیجی)، بی حسی و سوزن سوزن شدن دست ها و یا ادرار دردناک در شما رخ داد، می بایست سریعا پزشک خود را در جریان گذارید.

اگر تغییراتی غیرمعمول ولی بسیار جدی، همچون درد چشم ها، سردرد شدید و مداوم، تغییرات ناگهانی در بینایی، خشکی و درد گردن، گلودرد، تب مزمن، خونریزی و کبودی غیرطبیعی، درد شدید شکم و تهوع و استفراغ مداوم و شدید برای شما اتفاق افتاد، سریعا پزشک خود را باخبر نمایید.

استفاده طولانی مدت و یا تکراری از این دارو می تواند باعث برفک دهان و یا نوع جدیدی عفونت قارچی واژنی شود. اگر برفک دهان و یا ترشحات چرکی در واژن خود مشاهده نمودید، پزشکتان را در جریان گذارید.

واکنش و حساسیت بسیار شدید و جدی به این دارو، غیرمعمول است اما اگر اتفاق افتاد سریعا با اورژانس تماس حاصل فرمایید.

لیست ارائه شده، عوارض جانبی کامل این دارو نیست و در صورتیکه مشکل دیگری حس کردید با پزشکتان تماس حاصل نمایید.

اگر یکی از نوبت های مصرفی داروی خود را از دست داده و یا فراموش کردید، به محض یادآوری مصرف نمایید. بااینحال، اگر زمان مصرف نوبت بعد بود، این نوبت را رد کرده و همزمان دو قرص مصرف ننمایید.

این دارو را دور از دسترس کودکان خود و در بسته بندی آن نگه داری نمایید. دمای اتاق برای این دارو مناسب بوده و از را از رطوبت و گرمای زیاد به دور نگه دارید.

قبل از مصرف مترونیدازول:

این مطلب فقط برای اطلاع عمومی بوده و استفاده از آن برای خوددرمانی و یا قطع مصرف دارو مجاز نیست و مصرف و یا قطع مصرف دارو فقط با تصمیم پزشک ممکن می باشد. استفاده خودسرانه هرنوع دارو از جمله داروهای ذکر شده می تواند خطرات جبران ناپذیری به همراه داشته و باعث وخامت بیماری شود. همچنین اطلاعات ذکر شده همه اطلاعات مربوط به دارو نمی باشد و ممکن است عوارض، احتیاط، تداخل و یا مورد ذکر نشده ای باقی مانده باشد.

سایت پزشکی و مجله سلامتی راستینه

سلامت عمومی

کمک های اولیه

سلامت عمومی

کمک های اولیه

قرص metronidazole

کمک های اولیه

اطلاعات پزشکی

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دیدگاه

وب‌سایت

ذخیره نام، ایمیل و وبسایت من در مرورگر برای زمانی که دوباره دیدگاهی می‌نویسم.

سلام من با اینکه مسواک میزنم ولی با بوی بد دهان مشکل دارم آیا این دارو برای درمان مفید است.با تشکر

سلام.من ماه رمضونا بخاطر مشکل گوارشی که دارم و نمیخوام دهنم بوی بد بده بعد از سحری ۲ یا ۱ قرص مترونیدازول مصرف میکنم تاثیر هم داره.ولی بدون تجویز پزشک مصرف میکنم میخواستم بدونم اثراتی خیلی مضری داره که دیگه مصرف نکنم. ومشکل از کجاست که بامصرف این قرص بوی دهان کمتر میشه؟

سلام
من با اینکه مداوم مسواک میزنم ولی همچنان با بوی بد دهان مشکل دارم.. استفاده از قرص مترونیدازول این مشکل رو برام حل میکنه؟؟؟؟ دارویی برای رفع این مشکل وجود دارد؟؟

دکتر دندانپزشک بعد از کشیدن دندان عقل این قرص رو تجویز کرده.کمی سرگیجه دارم و اعصابم هم خورد شده .علتش چیه؟

سلام ایا قرص مترونیدازول ۵۰۰ برای ارتوروزگردن تجویز میشود

با تشکر از شما اطلاع رسانی خوبی بود

واقعا عالیه باتشکر ویژه ازشما که اطلاعات خوبی در اختیار مون گزاشتید

سلام از مطالب مفیدتان ایا باید راس ساعت مصرف سود یعنی هر ۸ ساعت یک بار

سلام من الان ۶ساله که ازدواج کردم ودرطی این مدت سالی ۳یا،۴بار دچار سوزش ادارشدید میشم…دکتر این دارو رو برام تجویز کردن….اوایل بیماری تاثیرش خوب بود اما الان حدود یک هفته اس که کمی بهتر شدم اما بازهم هنگام ادار کردن سوزش شدید دارم…واقعا دارم زجر میکشم

سلام. بهترین اثری که من برای درمان سوزش ادرار نتیجه گرفتم عرق خار خاسک ،شب موقع خواب نصف استکان بسیار موثر بوده است.توصیه می کنم شما دوست عزیز استفاده بفرمایید. امیدوارم هرچه زودتر سلامتی خودتون رو بدست بیارین.

با مصرف مترو نیدازول دچار خارش آلت تناسلی میشوم و با تکرار مصرف آن طی دو ویا سه روز این عوارض به تورم وسوختگی درد شدید و سیاه شدن تاولها یی که زده شده ختم میشود طوری که حتی بعد از زدن آمپول ضد حساسیت این عوارض یک یا دو هفته باعث ناراحتی ورنجش میشود

آیا قرص مترونیدازول برای بوی دهان خوب است

باسلام عالیه خدا خیرتون بده باعث افزایش اطلاعات ما شدید یک دنیا ممنون

سلام
ممنون از مطالب خودتون..
دکتر واسه عفونت لوزه این قرص رو ب همراه کپسول پنی سیلین ۵۰۰برای من تجویز کردن… دو شبه ک دارم مصرف میکنم سردرد شدید و احساس سوزن سوزن شدن توی سرم دارم.. طبیعیه ایندحالت؟

من بعداز یک هفته مصرف این دارو دچار سوزن سوزن شدن دست وپاودردشدیدمعده وقفسه سینم که ازجلووپشت قلبم هست شدم که این باعث شده ازخواب بیدارشم وراه بروم فکر می کنم دارم میمیرم!

سلام گیاه خار مریم با ضریب محافظت بالا از کبد .برای افرادی که مصرف طولانی مدت دارو های شیمیایی رو تو برنامشون دارند مناسب هست .قرص اون هم در داروخانه ها موجود هست ( لیور گل ۱۴۰ و ۷۰) اثر محافظتی در برابر عوارض داروها از اونجا که بیضرر میباشه گزینه مناسبی برای پیشگیری وشاید درمان عوارض دارویی میباشه

مراجعه شود به کتاب یک کلید برای صد قفل که اثرات خار مریم برای ارگان های مختلف مورد بحث قرار گرفته .

برای دندون درد افتضاحه
عوارضش کی تموم میشه؟
برای عصب کشی بدام تجویز کردن …علاوه بر دندون درد که هنوز بعد یه هفته خوب نشده افت و اسهال و سرگیجه و سردرد شدید ول کن نیست…

سلام مطالب مفیدواموزنده ای بود

سلام من بخاطر مشکلاتی که برای سلامت معدم پیش اومده بود دارم با تجویز دکتر این دارو رو میخورم اما دوشبه که سرگیجه میگیرم و ودیدم تار میشه .تا بحال اینجوری نشده بودم .هردوشب فشارم رو گرفتم و روی ۹ بود…آیا جای نگرانی وجود داره؟ یا از عوارض این دارو هستش؟ ممنون میشم پاسخ بدید

تشکر از مطالب و نکات مفید ارائه‌شده در این پایگاه اطلاع‌رسانی. انتظار این است که همزمان به‌روزرسانی متناسب با یافته‌های جدید پزشکی و بهداشتی صورت گیرد و در ابتدای متن تاریخ آن درج شود.

عوارض این دارو روی من خیلی دردناک بود.دکتر دندون پزشکم این قرص را برام تجویز کرده بود که بعد از عصب کشی دندان عفونت به وجود آمده رو درمان کند..
اما عوارض شدیدی روی بدنم داشت با استفاده از ۳ تا از این قرص متوجه برفک در دهان و به وجود آمدن آبسه روی زبانم شد که خیلی دردناک بود..و همچنین سر آلت تناسلیم کلی زخم بر داشت و کل پوستش سیاه شد و افتاد وتا ۱ ماه درمان آلت و آفت دهانم طول کشید.واقعا داروی مزخرفی هست شاید روی آقایان

سلام ایا باید همزمان با پماد میکونازول که کرم واژینال هست مصرف شود.

ممنون از سایت خوبتون

عالی بود

من این قرص رو مصرف کردم گلودرد شدید با گرفتگی صدا ودردقفسه سینه وگرفتگی قلب واسهال برام داشت متاسفانه خیلی اذیت شدم
چجوری میشه فهمید که چرابدن من حساسیت نشون داده به این دارو

با سلام بعضی افراد نسبت به برخی داروها واکنش نشان می دهند که مربوط به سیستم ایمنی بوده و دلیل خاصی ندارد

مشکل برای یه دختر ۱۳ ساله است ایشون ۱ سال دل درد داشت بعد از کلی دکتر رفتن اخر سر گفتن اپاندیس وعمل کردن الان ۱ ماه از عمل گذشته ولی زیر قفسه سینش قسمت وسط درد داره و میگه که حالم به هم میخوره وحالت تهوع داره منون میشم راهنماییم کنید

سلام
ممنون از اطلاعات کاربردی و خوبتون.

ممنون از مطالب مفيدتون ، موفق باشيد .

سلام و سپاس از لطف و محبت شما خواننده گرامی

ممنون از اطلاعات خوبتون

۱۱عالیه

سلام و سپاس از لطف شما خواننده گرامی

لطفادرموردبیماریهای زنان بنویسید باتشکراززحماتتون

سلام وخسته نباشید از این همه مطلب خوب ومفید شماخیلی استفاده کردیم امید وارم همواره موفق باشید

سلام و سپاس از لطف شما

مطالب بوستی و سلامت بدن بیشتر شود

چشم انشاءالله تعداد بیشتری قرار میدهیم

سلام خسته نباشید من تازه عمل جراحی سینوس انجام دادم. همون کیست مویی فقط جای عمل را باز گذاشتند میتونم بخاطر عفونت زخمم از مترونیدازول استفاده هم کنم

InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3 NKey:VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

مترونیدازول (به انگلیسی: Metronidazole) نوعی آنتی بیوتیک از گروه نیترو ایمیدازول با توان درمان بیماری‌های عفونی ایجاد شده در اثر ارگانیسم‌های حساس به این دارو، به ویژه باکتری‌های بی‌هوازی و پروتوزوآ هاست.

درمان بیماری‌های ایجاد شده توسط باکتری‌ها: واژینوز باکتریال، بیماری‌های التهابی لگن (همراه با سایر آنتی بیوتیک‌ها)، کولیت پسودوممبرانو (کولیت با غشای کاذب)، زخم پپتیک (برای ریشه کنی هلیکوباکتر پیلوری)، بیماری‌های ایجادشده به وسیلهٔ باکتری‌های بی هوازی.

درمان بیماری‌های ایجاد شده توسط پروتوزوآها: واژینیت (تریکوموناس واژینالیس)، عفونت‌های آمیبی، عفونت‌های ژیاردیایی.

قرص metronidazole

سایر موارد استفاده: بیماری کرون، بیماری روزاسه (مصرف جلدی مترونیدازول)

مترونیدازول پس از جذب در سلول، تحت واکنش‌های درون سلولی احیا شده و به متابولیت‌های سمی تبدیل می‌گردد. متابولیت‌های مترونیدازول سبب آسیب دی-ان-آی DNA سلولی می‌شوند. از آنجا که واکنش‌های احیای مربوط به تولید این متابولیت‌ها تنها درسلول‌های بی هوازی رخ می‌دهند، سلول‌های انسان و باکتری‌های هوازی تا حد زیادی از آسیب مصونند.

(عوارض جانبی شایع) لکوپنی، نوتروپنی، نوروپاتی محیطی، اثرات شبه دی سولفیرام (تهوع، استفراغ، برافروختگی پوست و تاکی کاردی، هنگامی که مترونیدازول با الکل مصرف شود، احتمال بروز نشانگان استیونس-جانسون (هنگام مصرف همزمان با مبندازول)، طعم فلزی در دهان، و خارش پوست[۱] و خشکی دهان

برخی مواردی که در حین مصرف این دارو باید مد نظر قرار گیرند:[۲]

اثر وارفارین درصورت مصرف همزمان با این دارو ممکن است افزایش یابد. مترونیدازول متابولیسم فنی توئین را مهار می‌کنند و غلظت پلاسمایی این دارو را افزایش می‌دهند. فنوباربیتال، متابولیسم این دارو را افزایش و غلظت پلاسمایی آن را کاهش می‌دهد. مترونیدازول متابولیسم فلوئورواوراسیل را مهار می‌کند و احتمال مسمومیت با لیتیم با مصرف همزمان مترونیدازول گزارش شده‌است. واکنش شبه دی سولفیرام با مصرف همزمان مترونیدازول و فراورده‌های حاوی الکل ممکن است بروز کند.

بزرگسالان: به عنوان ضد باکتری سیستمیک در عفونت‌های بی‌هوازی مقدار mg/kg 5/7 حداکثر تا یک گرم هر ۶ ساعت به مدت ۷ روز یا بیشتر مصرف می‌شود. در التهاب روده، ۵۰۰ میلیگرم چهار بار در روز، در کولیت ناشی از آنتی بیوتیک ۵۰۰ میلیگرم ۴–۳ بار در روز، در گاستریت وزخم دوازدهه ناشی از هلیکوباکتر پیلوری به عنوان درمان کمکی ۵۰۰ میلیگرم ۳ بار در روز به همراه سایر آنتی بیوتیک‌های خوراکی و درمان واژینوز باکتریایی، ۵۰۰ میلیگرم ۲ بار در روز برای ۷ روز مصرف می‌شود. به عنوان ضد تک یاخته در آمیبیازیس ۷۵۰–۵۰۰ میلیگرم ۳ بار در روز برای ۱۰–۷ روز، در بالانتیدیازیس ۷۵۰ میلیگرم ۳ بار در روز برای ۵ یا ۶ روز، در ژیاردیازیس ۲ گرم یکبار در روز برای ۳ روز یا ۲۵۰ میلیگرم ۳ بار در روز به مدت ۷–۵ و در درمان تریکومونازیس ۲ گرم به صورت مقدار واحد، یک گرم ۲ بار در روز به مدت یک روز یا ۲۵۰ میلیگرم ۳ بار د روز به مدت ۷ روز مصرف می‌شود.
کودکان: به عنوان ضد باکتری در عفونت‌های بی‌هوازی mg/kg 5/7 هر ۶ ساعت یا mg/kg 10 هر ۸ ساعت مصرف می‌شود. به عنوان ضد تک یاخته در درمان آمیبیازیس mg/kg 7/16-6/11، سه بار در روز به مدت ۱۰ روز، در بالانتیدیازیس mg/kg 7/16-6/11 سه بار در روز به مدت ۵ روز، در ژیاردیازیس mg/kg 5 سه بار در روز به مدت ۷–۵ روز و در درمان تریکومونازیس mg/kg 5 سه بار در روز به مدت ۷ روز مصرف می‌شود.

بزرگسالان: به عنوان ضد باکتری سیستمیک در عفونت‌های بی‌هوازی ابتدا mg/kg 15 و سپس mg/kg 5/7 تا حداکثر یک گرم، هر ۶ ساعت به مدت ۷ روز یا بیشتر انفوزیون وریدی می‌شود. برای پیشگیری از عفونت در اعمال جراحی، mg/kg 15 یک ساعت قبل از شروع جراحی و mg/kg 5/76 و ۱۲ ساعت پس از مقدار اولیه، انفوزیون وریدی می‌شود. به عنوان ضد تک یاخته در درمان آمیبیازیس ۷۵۰–۵۰۰ میلیگرم هر ۸ ساعت به مدت ۱۰–۵ روز انفوزیون وریدی می‌شود.

کودکان: به عنوان ضد باکتری سیستمیک در عفونت‌های بی‌هوازی، در نوزادان نورس، mg/kg 15 به عنوان مقدار اولیه و سپس mg/kg 7-5 و ۱۲ ساعت، تا ۴۸ ساعت پس از مقدار اولیه، انفوزیون وریدی می‌شود. در نوزادان کامل، mg/kg 15 به عنوان مقدار شروع و سپس mg/kg 5/7 هر ۱۲ ساعت، تا ۲۴ ساعت پس از آن مقدار مصرف اولیه، انفوزیون وریدی می‌شود. در نوزادان با سن ۷ روز و بزرگتر، مقدار mg/kg 15 به عنوان مقدار شروع و سپس mg/kg 5/7 هر ۶ ساعت از راه انفوزیون وریدی مصرف می‌شود.

واژینال:در واژینوز باکتریایی یا تریکومونازیس، mg 500 هر شب به مدت ۱۰ یا ۱۲ روز متوالی از راه واژینال مصرف می‌شود.

مترونیدازول در دوران بارداری برای جنین مضر است و در صورتی که بارداری هستید و یا قصد حاملگی دارید، قبل از مصرف مترونیدازول با پزشک مشورت کنید. مصرف مترونیدازول در زمان حاملگی بستگی به شرایط شما و عفونت دارد. وجود عفونت در دوران بارداری برای جنین و مادر بسیار مضر است. اگر پزشک تشخیص دهد که فواید مصرف مترونیدازول در دوران بارداری برای درمان عفونت باکتریایی، بیشتر از عوارض آن است، این دارو را برای شما تجویز خواهد کرد. در زمان مصرف این دارو بهتر است مقدار زیادی آب مصرف کنید.

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3 NKey:VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

قرص metronidazole

سایر موارد استفاده: بیماری کرون، بیماری روزاسه (مصرف جلدی مترونیدازول)

برخی مواردی که در حین مصرف این دارو باید مد نظر قرار گیرند:[۲]

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3 NKey:VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

قرص metronidazole

سایر موارد استفاده: بیماری کرون، بیماری روزاسه (مصرف جلدی مترونیدازول)

برخی مواردی که در حین مصرف این دارو باید مد نظر قرار گیرند:[۲]

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3 NKey:VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

قرص metronidazole

سایر موارد استفاده: بیماری کرون، بیماری روزاسه (مصرف جلدی مترونیدازول)

برخی مواردی که در حین مصرف این دارو باید مد نظر قرار گیرند:[۲]

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

مجری طرح پایلوت : انجمن داروسازان اصفهان

تحت نظارت معاونت غذا و دارو

مسئولیت صحت اطلاعات بر عهده داروخانه می باشد

*دریافت دارو فقط بصورت حضوری در محل داروخانه و با نسخه کامل امکان پذیر است*

مترونیدازول
مترونیدازول یک آنتی بیوتیک پر مصرف است که در درمان و پیشگیری عفونت های متنوعی که عامل بیماری زای آنها یک باکتری بی هوازی یا پروتوزوآ باشد تجویز می شود.

قرص metronidazole

( متروماکس محصول شرکت تهران شیمی )

این باکتری ها معمولاً در فضای داخلی و بسته ی بدن که اکسیژن وجود ندارد (مانند لثه، حفره لگنی و شکمی مانند روده ها) ایجاد عفونت می کنند.
مترونیدازول معمولاً جهت درمان عفونت های تناسلی(واژینال) بانوان که ناشی از باکتری باشد تجویز می شود اما این بدین معنی که هر نوع عفونت در واژن با مترونیدازول قابل درمان می باشد نیست.
همچنین به عنوان پیشگیری از عفونت، پیش از جراحی های تناسلی و شکمی تجویز می شود.
از مزایای مترونیدازول مناسب بودن آن برای افرادی است که به پنی سیلین ها حساسیت دارند.
مترونیدازول به همراه آموکسی سیلین در رژیم های درمانی عفونت ناشی از هلیکوباکتر پیلوری کاربرد دارد.
این دارو در ایران به صورت قرص خوراکی و سوسپانسیون، ژل و شیاف واژینال، ویال تزریقی و کیسه آماده ی تزریق و ژل موضعی موجود است.
این داروی ارزان قیمت و پر کاربرد می تواند همراه با آموکسی سیلین در درمان و پیشگیری از عفونت های دهانی تجویز شود.

پیش از مصرف مترونیدازول
_در صورت بارداری یا قصد باردار شدن و شیردهی، مشکلات کبدی، خونی و سابقه ی حساسیت دارویی حتما پزشک خودرا مطلع کنید.
_مصرف الکل در مدت درمان با این دارو ممنوع می باشد.
-از آنجا که این دارو می تواند در عملکرد داروهای دیگر در بدن اختلال ایجاد کند لازم است پیش از شروع مصرف لیستی از کلیه ی داروهای مصرفی خود در اختیار پزشک یا داروسازتان قرار دهید.

نحوه ی مصرف مترونیدازول
-آنتی بیوتیک ها را دقیقا مطابق دستور پزشک مصرف کنید و دوره ی درمان را حتی اگر احساس بهبودی میکنید و علائمتان برطرف شده است کامل کنید زیرا در این زمان ممکن است هنوز باکتری بصورت کامل ریشه کن نشده باشد و این کار احتمال بروز مقاومت ميكروبی را افزایش می دهد.
مقاومت میکروبی یکی از مشکلات جهانی می باشد که با سرعت زیادی رو به افزایش است ودر صورتی که مصرف بی رویه و نامناسب آنتی بیوتیک ها در دنیا ادامه یابد با مشکلات تهدید کننده ی حیات مواجه خواهیم شد.زماني كه اين داروها بدون تجويزپزشك ،با مقدار نامناسب يا طول درمان نامناسب مصرف شوند،نه تنها اثرات مطلوب براي خود فرد ندارند بلكه منجر به عدم ريشه كن شدن باكتري هاي موجود در بدن آن فرد مي شوند و علاوه بر اين،باكتري هايي كه در معرض دارو قرار گرفته اند اما از بين نرفته اند، نسبت به اين دارو مقاومت پيدا مي كنند.اين مسأله منجر به ايجاد نسل جديد و مقاومي از ميكروب ها مي شود كه ديگر به سادگي به داروهاي آنتي بيوتيكي موجود ،پاسخ نمي دهند.
از آنجا كه عموماً عفونت ها مسری می باشند مصرف بي رويه ی آنتی بیوتیک ها نه تنها براي خود فرد بيمار بلكه براي ساير افراد جامعه نیز مشکل آفرین می باشد.
-در صورتی که فرم سوسپانسیون خوراکی برای شما یا کودکتان تجویز شده است، به شرایط نگهداری و مصرف نوشته شده در برشور دارو توجه فرمایید.همچنین مقدار داروی مصرفی در هر نوبت را دقیقا اندازه گیری کنید.(با سرنگ یا پیمانه ی مخصوص)
_در صورت تجویز فرم خوراکی این دارو بصورت 2 تا 3 نوبت در روز تجویز می شود،مقدار دارو در هر نوبت برای اطفال با توجه به سن و وزن آنها توسط پزشک محاسبه می شود.لذا مصرف دارو را دقیقا مطابق مقدار و تعداد نوبتی که پزشک تجویز می کند تا انتهای دوره ی درمانی (معمولا دوره ی درمان با مترونیدازول بسته به عفونت حداکثر تا 14 روز می باشد و در برخی عفونت ها نیاز به مصرف مقدار زیادی از دارو تنها در یک نوبت میباشد) ادامه دهید.
_هر نوبت از دارو را همراه با میان وعده یا پس از غذا میل کنید .قرص را به صورت کامل با یک لیوان آب ببلعید و از خرد کردن یا جویدن آن خودداری کنید.
-در صورت فراموش کردن یک نوبت مصرف دارو، به محض یادآوری دارو را مصرف نمایید مگر اینکه تا زمان مصرف بعدی کمتر از 4 ساعت باقی مانده باشد.از دوبرابر کردن مقدار دارو در یک نوبت خودداری نمایید.
_در صورتی که شیاف واژینال مترونیدازول برای شما تجویز شده،شیاف را از پوشش آن خارج نمایید و به پشت دراز بکشید و زانوهای خود را خم نمایید با انگشت با کمی فشار داخل واژن قرار دهیدو چند دقیقه در همین وضعیت بمانید تا دارو کاملا در محل مناسب قرار بگیرد.

توصیه ها ی مترونیدازول
_از مصرف الکل در مدت درمان با مترونیدازول و حداقل تا 48 ساعت پس از اتمام دوره ی درمان با آن خودداری کنید زیرا مصرف الکل با مترونیدازول عوارض بسیار بدی نظیر تپش قلب شدید ،گرگرفتگی و سردرد شدید به همراه دارد.
در مدت درمان با این دارو رنگ ادرار شما به قرمز یا آجری تیره تغییر می یابد که طبیعی می باشد و با پایان درمان برطرف میگردد.
در صورتی که مترونیدازول به مدت طولانی برای شما تجویز شده است،آزمایشات و بررسی های لازم توسط پزشک را انجام دهید .

عوارض شایع مترونیدازول
احساس خستگی، تهوع و استفراغ از عوارض شایع دارو می باشد که با مصرف غذاهای ساده و سبک و مصرف دارو همراه میان وعده ی سبک یا پس از غذا کمتر می شود.
این دارو باعث احساس تغییر مزه ها در دهان، تیره شدن زبان و احساس طعم فلزی در دهان و زخم دهانی می شود که با اتمام دوره ی درمان دارو برطرف می شوند.با این حال می توانید از دهان شویه های غیر الکلی برای کاهش این علائم استفاده نمایید.
کاهش اشتها نیز یکی از علائم این دارو می باشد.

Reference 1
Reference 2
Reference 3

چنانچه در خصوص “مترونیدازول” سوالی دارید، عارضه خاصی مشاهده نموده اید و یا مطلب ویژه ای به نظرتان می رسد با دیگران به اشتراک بگذارید

قرص مترونیدازول خوراکی به عنوان داروی عمومی و با نام تجاری Flagyl در دسترس است. مترونیدازول چندین فرم دارد. این فرم ها شامل قرص خوراکی، کپسول ، کرم، ژل و لوسیون برای پوست شما و ژل واژینال می باشد که باید توسط پزشک برای شما تجویز شود. قرص های مترونیدازول خوراکی برای درمان عفونت های ناشی از باکتری ها یا انگل ها استفاده می شود.

قرص های خوراکی مترونیدازول برای درمان بسیاری از عفونت های ناشی از باکتری ها یا انگل ها استفاده می شود. این درمان شامل عفونت هایی است که در دستگاه گوارش یا سیستم تولید مثل مانند آمیبیا وتریکومونیا رخ می دهد. قرصهای خوراکی مترونیدازول برای درمان عفونت واژن در زنان استفاده می شود. مترونیدازول ممکن است به عنوان بخشی از درمان ترکیبی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به این معنی است که شما در حین مصرف آن ممکن است نیاز به مصرف داروهای دیگر داشته باشید.

این قرص متعلق به یک کلاس از داروهای ضد میکروبی نیترویمیدازول است. آنتی میکروبی ها داروهایی هستند که برای درمان عفونت استفاده می شوند. آنتی بیوتیک های نیترویمیدازول عفونت هایی را درمان می کنند که به علت وجود باکتری ها و دیگر موجودات زنده تشکیل شده اند. قرص مترونیدازول با کشتن باکتری ها یا ارگان های دیگر که باعث عفونت می شوند، کار می کند و این عفونت را تسکین می دهد.

این قرص خوراکی موجب خواب آلودگی نمی شود، اما می تواند سایر عوارض جانبی را ایجاد کند.

عوارض جانبی شایع تر که ممکن است رخ دهد عبارتند از:

قرص metronidazole

اگر این اثرات خفیف باشند، ممکن است در عرض چند روز یا چند هفته از بین بروند اما اگر آنها شدیدتر شدند و یا از بین نرفتند، با پزشک یا داروساز خود صحبت کنید.

اگر عوارض جانبی جدی در خود مشاهده می کنید، بلافاصله با پزشک خود تماس بگیرید. عوارض جانبی جدی می تواند شامل موارد زیر باشد:

سلب مسئولیت: هدف ما این است که شما را با اطلاعات مربوط به این دارو آشنا کنیم اما با این حال، این اطلاعات جایگزین مشاوره پزشکی نیستند.

عوارض جانبی برای مردان و زنان: اکثر عوارض جانبی این قرص ها برای مردان و زنان یکسان هستند. تنها تفاوت واقعی در عوارض جانبی، زنان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. به عنوان مثال، مترونیدازول خطر ابتلا به عفونت های مخمر را افزایش می دهد که اغلب در زنان رخ می دهد. همچنین می تواند باعث تحریک و تخلیه واژن شود.

قرص مترونیدازول خوراکی می تواند با سایر داروها، ویتامین ها و یا گیاهانی که ممکن است مصرف کنید، تداخل ایجاد کند. برای کمک به جلوگیری از تداخلات، پزشک باید تمام داروهای شما را به دقت مدیریت کند. اطمینان حاصل کنید که در مورد تمام داروها، ویتامین ها و یا گیاهان که مصرف می کنید به پزشک خود اطلاع داده اید. نمونه هایی از داروهایی که می توانند باعث ایجاد تعامل با مترونیدازول شوند، در زیر آورده شده است.

دیسولفیرام: دیسولفیرام را با مترونیدازول مصرف نکنید. انجام این کار می تواند اثرات خطرناکی در بدن شما ایجاد کند. استفاده توام آنها می تواند واکنش های روانی داشته باشد. علائم آن عبارتند از:

مصرف این قرص با داروهای خاص، خطر عوارض جانبی را افزایش می دهد. این به این دلیل است که مقدار هر دو دارو ممکن است در بدن شما افزایش یابد. بعنوان مثال :

مقدار دوز، فرم دارویی و چگونگی مصرف دارو، بستگی به موارد زیر دارد:

لیت قرص ها ممکن است باعث ایجاد شرایط جدی در سیستم عصبی شود. این شرایط عبارتند از:

در صورتی که نشانه هایی از قبیل:

احساس کردید حتما به پزشک مراجعه کنید

مترونیدازول می تواند یک واکنش آلرژیک شدید یا حساسیت بیش از حد ایجاد کند. علائم عبارتند از:

به یاد داشته باشید اگر شما تا به حال واکنش آلرژیک به آن داشته اید، این دارو را دوباره مصرف نکنید.

منبع :Metronidazole, Oral Tablet
تاریخ ثبت مقاله در ویکی سرا : ۲۲ دی ماه ۹۷
نویسنده : گروه تولید محتوای نوین ادمین
نکته : این مقاله به محض دریافت اطلاعات جدید بروز خواهد شد

تمامی حقوق و محتوای این وبسایت برای مجله دانستنی های ویکی سرا محفوظ است و کپی برداری پیگرد قانونی خواهد داشت .

نام کاربری یا ایمیل

رمز عبور

مرا به خاطر بسپار

Generic Name: metronidazole (me troe NI da zole)Brand Names: Flagyl, Metrogel

Medically reviewed by Kaci Durbin, MD Last updated on Dec 26, 2018.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.

Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach or intestines, liver, skin, joints, brain, heart, and respiratory tract. Metrogel (topical metronidazole) is also used to treat rosacea, a skin condition. Vaginal metronidazole gel is also used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina.

Metronidazole will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.

قرص metronidazole

You should not use metronidazole if you are allergic to it, or if you have taken disulfiram (Antabuse) within the past 2 weeks.

Do not drink alcohol or consume foods or medicines that contain propylene glycol while you are taking metronidazole and for at least 1 day after you stop taking it. You may have unpleasant side effects such as fast heartbeats, warmth or redness under your skin, tingly feeling, nausea, and vomiting.

Seizures and other nervous system abnormalities have been reported in patients treated with metronidazole. You should stop metronidazole immediately for any neurological symptoms such as seizures, headaches, visual changes, weakness, numbness, or tingling.

This medicine will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

In animal studies (mice and rats), this medicine caused certain types of cancers or tumors. It is not known whether these effects would occur in people using this medicine. Ask your doctor about your risk.

You should not take metronidazole if you are allergic to it, or if you have taken disulfiram (Antabuse) within the past 2 weeks.

Using metronidazole during the first trimester of pregnancy could harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or if you become pregnant while using this medicine.

To make sure metronidazole is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:

liver or kidney disease;

nervous system disease;

Cockayne syndrome (a rare genetic disorder);

a stomach or intestinal disease such as Crohn’s disease;

a blood cell disorder such as anemia (lack of red blood cells) or low white blood cell (WBC) counts;

a fungal infection anywhere in your body; or

a nerve disorder.

In animal studies, metronidazole caused certain types of tumors, some of which were cancerous. However, very high doses are used in animal studies. It is not known whether these effects would occur in people using regular doses. Ask your doctor about your risk.

Metronidazole can pass into breast milk. It is not known whether metronidazole can harm a nursing baby. Let your doctor know if you are breastfeeding prior to taking metronidazole.

Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.

Take metronidazole exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole.

If you are treating a vaginal infection, your sexual partner may also need to take metronidazole (even if no symptoms are present) or you could become reinfected.

Metronidazole is usually given for up to 10 days in a row. You may need to repeat this dosage several weeks later.

Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Metronidazole will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold.

Metronidazole can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Metronidazole dosage information (in more detail)

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, numbness and tingling, or seizures (convulsions).

Do not drink alcohol or consume food or medicines that contain propylene glycol while you are taking metronidazole. You may have unpleasant side effects such as headaches, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling).

Avoid alcohol or propylene glycol for at least 3 days after you stop taking this medicine. Check the labels of any medicines or food products you use to make sure they do not contain alcohol or propylene glycol

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, call your doctor. Do not use anti-diarrhea medicine unless your doctor tells you to.

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to metronidazole: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

قرص metronidazole

diarrhea;

painful or difficult urination;

trouble sleeping, depression, irritability;

headache, dizziness, weakness;

a light-headed feeling (like you might pass out); or

blisters or ulcers in your mouth, red or swollen gums, trouble swallowing.

Stop taking the medicine and call your doctor right away if you have neurologic side effects (more likely to occur while taking metronidazole long term):

numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet;

vision problems, pain behind your eyes, seeing flashes of light;

muscle weakness, problems with coordination;

trouble speaking or understanding what is said to you;

a seizure; or

fever, neck stiffness, and increased sensitivity to light.

Metronidazole can cause life-threatening liver problems in people with Cockayne syndrome. If you have this condition, stop taking metronidazole and contact your doctor if you have signs of liver failure – nausea, stomach pain (upper right side), dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Side effects may be more likely in older adults.

Common metronidazole side effects may include:

nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain;

diarrhea, constipation;

headache;

unpleasant metallic taste;

rash, itching;

vaginal itching or discharge;

mouth sores; or

swollen, red, or “hairy” tongue.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Metronidazole side effects (in more detail)

Sometimes it is not safe to use certain medications at the same time. Some drugs can affect your blood levels of other drugs you take, which may increase side effects or make the medications less effective.

Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using, especially:

busulfan;

lithium; or

a blood thinner – warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven.

phenytoin or phenobarbital

This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with metronidazole, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.

Metronidazole drug interactions (in more detail)

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use metronidazole only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Copyright 1996-2019 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 12.02.

Medical Disclaimer

Other brands: Flagyl, Flagyl IV, Flagyl ER

prednisone, omeprazole, amoxicillin, doxycycline, pantoprazole, ranitidine, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cephalexin, Augmentin

Metronidazole reviews

The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Available for Android and iOS devices.

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Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 1 Aug 2019), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Aug 2019), Wolters Kluwer™ (updated 31 July 2019) and others.

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Generic Name: metronidazole (me troe NI da zole)Brand Names: Flagyl

Medically reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD Last updated on Dec 20, 2018.

Flagyl (metronidazole) is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.

Flagyl is used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach, liver, skin, joints, brain, and respiratory tract.

Flagyl will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.

قرص metronidazole

You should not use Flagyl if you are allergic to metronidazole, or if you have taken disulfiram (Antabuse) within the past 2 weeks.

Do not drink alcohol or consume foods or medicines that contain propylene glycol while you are taking metronidazole and for at least 3 days after you stop taking it. You may have unpleasant side effects such as fast heartbeats, warmth or redness under your skin, tingly feeling, nausea, and vomiting.

Flagyl will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

In animal studies, metronidazole caused certain types of cancers or tumors. It is not known whether these effects would occur in people using this medicine. Ask your doctor about your risk.

You should not take Flagyl if you are allergic to metronidazole, or if you have taken disulfiram (Antabuse) within the past 2 weeks.

To make sure Flagyl is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:

liver or kidney disease;

Cockayne syndrome (a rare genetic disorder);

a stomach or intestinal disease such as Crohn’s disease;

a blood cell disorder such as anemia (lack of red blood cells) or low white blood cell (WBC) counts;

a fungal infection anywhere in your body; or

a nerve disorder.

Do not take Flagyl during the first trimester of pregnancy. This medicine can harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant.

Metronidazole can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed within 24 hours after using Flagyl. If you use a breast pump during this time, throw out any milk you collect. Do not feed it to your baby.

Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.

Take Flagyl exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole.

If you are treating a vaginal infection, your sexual partner may also need to take Flagyl (even if no symptoms are present) or you could become reinfected.

Flagyl is usually given for up to 10 days in a row. You may need to repeat this dosage several weeks later.

Metronidazole can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Flagyl dosage information (in more detail)

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, numbness and tingling, or seizures (convulsions).

Do not drink alcohol or consume food or medicines that contain propylene glycol while you are taking Flagyl. You may have unpleasant side effects such as headaches, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling).

Avoid alcohol or propylene glycol for at least 3 days after you stop taking metronidazole. Check the labels of any medicines or food products you use to make sure they do not contain alcohol or propylene glycol.

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Flagyl: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

diarrhea;

painful or difficult urination;

قرص metronidazole

trouble sleeping, depression, irritability;

headache, dizziness, weakness;

a light-headed feeling (like you might pass out); or

blisters or ulcers in your mouth, red or swollen gums, trouble swallowing.

Stop taking the medicine and call your doctor right away if you have neurologic side effects (more likely to occur while taking metronidazole long term):

numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet;

vision problems, pain behind your eyes, seeing flashes of light;

muscle weakness, problems with coordination;

trouble speaking or understanding what is said to you;

a seizure; or

fever, neck stiffness, and increased sensitivity to light.

Side effects may be more likely in older adults.

Flagyl can cause life-threatening liver problems in people with Cockayne syndrome. If you have this condition, stop taking metronidazole and contact your doctor if you have signs of liver failure – nausea, stomach pain (upper right side), dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Common Flagyl side effects may include:

nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain;

diarrhea, constipation;

unpleasant metallic taste;

rash, itching;

vaginal itching or discharge;

mouth sores; or

swollen, red, or “hairy” tongue.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Flagyl side effects (in more detail)

Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using, especially:

busulfan;

lithium; or

a blood thinner – warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven.

Flagyl drug interactions (in more detail)

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Flagyl only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Copyright 1996-2019 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 12.02.

Medical Disclaimer

Other brands: Flagyl ER

prednisone, omeprazole, amoxicillin, doxycycline, pantoprazole, ranitidine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cephalexin

Flagyl reviews

The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Available for Android and iOS devices.

Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, alerts, new drug approvals and more.

Third Party Advertising

We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information – verify here

Copyright © 2000-2019 Drugs.com. All rights reserved.

The metronidazole immediate-release tablet and extended-release tablet are prescription drugs. They’re both taken by mouth. These tablets are available as the brand-name drugs Flagyl (immediate-release) and Flagyl ER (extended-release).

Immediate-release drugs are released into the body right away. Extended-release drugs are released into the body slowly over time.

Both the immediate-release and extended-release tablets are available as generic drugs. Generic drugs usually cost less than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in all strengths or forms as the brand-name drug.

Metronidazole immediate-release oral tablets are used to treat many infections caused by bacteria or parasites. These include infections that occur in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive system such as amebiasis and trichomoniasis. Metronidazole extended-release oral tablets are used to treat vaginal infections in women.

Metronidazole may be used as part of a combination therapy. This means you may need to take it with other medications.

قرص metronidazole

Metronidazole belongs to a class of drugs called nitroimidazole antimicrobials. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

Antimicrobials are drugs used to treat infections. Nitroimidazole antimicrobials treat infections caused by bacteria and other organisms called protozoa. Metronidazole tablets work by killing the bacteria or other organism that’s causing the infection. This relieves the infection.

Metronidazole oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.

The more common side effects that can occur include:

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects can include:

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare provider who knows your medical history.

Metronidazole oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with metronidazole are listed below.

Disulfiram: Do not take disulfiram with metronidazole. Doing so can cause dangerous effects in your body. Using it with metronidazole can cause psychotic reactions. Symptoms can include:

Do not take metronidazole if you’ve taken disulfiram in the last two weeks.

Taking metronidazole with certain medications raises your risk of side effects. This is because the amount of either drug may be increased in your body. Examples include:

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare provider about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:

Generic: Metronidazole

Brand: Flagyl

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

Your dosage and length of treatment depend on your infection type.

Bacterial infections:

Amoebic infections:

Trichomoniasis:

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

Amoebic infections:

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys and liver of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This increases your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different medication schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Generic: Metronidazole

Brand: Flagyl ER

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different medication schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Metronidazole oral tablets may cause certain serious conditions that affect the nervous system. These conditions include:

Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms such as:

Metronidazole can cause a severe allergic reaction or hypersensitivity. Symptoms can include:

قرص metronidazole

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. In some cases, taking it again could lead to death.

You should stop using drinks that contain alcohol at least three days before starting metronidazole. Also avoid alcohol for three more days after you stop treatment with this drug.

This is because alcohol can cause side effects when used with metronidazole. These include:

If you drink alcohol, talk to your doctor about whether this drug is safe for you.

For people with liver disease: Your liver helps process this drug. If you have severe liver disease, your liver may process this drug more slowly. This would increase the amount of the drug in your body and raise your risk of side effects. Your doctor may lower your dosage of metronidazole or have you take it less often.

For people with kidney disease: Your kidneys help clear this drug from your body. If you have severe kidney disease, your kidneys may process this drug more slowly. This increases the amount of the drug in your body and raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may lower your dose of metronidazole or have you take it less often.

For pregnant women: Metronidazole is a category B pregnancy drug. That means two things:

Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Metronidazole should not be taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. For the second and third trimesters, this drug should be used only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.

For women who are breastfeeding: Metronidazole may pass into breast milk and cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk to your doctor if you breastfeed your child. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.

For seniors: The kidneys and liver of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This increases your risk of side effects.

Metronidazole tablets are used for short-term treatment. They come with risks if you don’t take them as prescribed.

If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: Your infection may not improve and may get worse.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose can include increased side effects, such as:

If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 1-800-222-1222 or through their online tool. But if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.

What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: Your symptoms of infection should improve.

A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

When traveling with your medication, follow these tips:

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk to your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Is it safe to use metronidazole and birth control together?

Metronidazole oral tablet is safe to use with hormonal birth control methods. While one type of antibiotic (rifampin) is known to cause problems with some birth control, it’s not an issue with metronidazole. No research shows that this drug can make you more likely to get pregnant if you’re using the pill or other types of hormonal birth control.

Of course, if you have concerns, be sure to ask your doctor. And you can always use a backup method of birth control, such as a condom, while you’re taking metronidazole. To learn more, check out this article, which gives additional information about antibiotics and birth control.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

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Updated

July 31, 2019

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WARNING

Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats (see PRECAUTIONS). Unnecessary use of the drug should be avoided. Its use should be reserved for the conditions described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section below.

قرص metronidazole

Metronidazole tablets, USP 250 mg or 500 mg is an oral formulation of the synthetic nitroimidazole antimicrobial, 2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, which has the following structural formula:

Metronidazole tablets USP contain 250 mg or 500 mg of metronidazole. Inactive ingredients include powdered cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, and titanium dioxide.

Disposition of metronidazole in the body is similar for both oral and intravenous dosage forms. Following oral administration, metronidazole is well absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations occurring between one and two hours after administration.

Plasma concentrations of metronidazole are proportional to the administered dose. Oral administration of 250 mg, 500 mg, or 2,000 mg produced peak plasma concentrations of 6 mcg/mL, 12 mcg/mL, and 40 mcg/mL, respectively. Studies reveal no significant bioavailability differences between males and females; however, because of weight differences, the resulting plasma levels in males are generally lower.

Metronidazole is the major component appearing in the plasma, with lesser quantities of metabolites also being present. Less than 20% of the circulating metronidazole is bound to plasma proteins. Metronidazole appears in cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and breast milk in concentrations similar to those found in plasma. Bactericidal concentrations of metronidazole have also been detected in pus from hepatic abscesses.

The major route of elimination of metronidazole and its metabolites is via the urine (60% to 80% of the dose), with fecal excretion accounting for 6% to 15% of the dose. The metabolites that appear in the urine result primarily from side-chain oxidation [1-(ßhydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole and 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ylacetic acid] and glucuronide conjugation, with unchanged metronidazole accounting for approximately 20% of the total. Both the parent compound and the hydroxyl metabolite possess in vitro antimicrobial activity.

Renal clearance of metronidazole is approximately 10 mL/min/1.73 m2. The average elimination half-life of metronidazole in healthy subjects is eight hours.

Decreased renal function does not alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of metronidazole.

Subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD; CLCR= 8.1±9.1 mL/min) and who received a single intravenous infusion of metronidazole 500 mg had no significant change in metronidazole pharmacokinetics but had 2-fold higher Cmax of hydroxy-metronidazole and 5-fold higher Cmax of metronidazole acetate, compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CLCR= 126±16 mL/min). Thus, on account of the potential accumulation of metronidazole metabolites in ESRD patients, monitoring for metronidazole associated adverse events is recommended (see PRECAUTIONS).

Following a single intravenous infusion or oral dose of metronidazole 500 mg, the clearance of metronidazole was investigated in ESRD subjects undergoing hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A hemodialysis session lasting for 4 to 8 hours removed 40% to 65% of the administered metronidazole dose, depending on the type of dialyzer membrane used and the duration of the dialysis session. If the administration of metronidazole cannot be separated from the dialysis session, supplementation of metronidazole dose following hemodialysis should be considered (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). A peritoneal dialysis session lasting for 7.5 hours removed approximately 10% of the administered metronidazole dose. No adjustment in metronidazole dose is needed in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD.

Following a single intravenous infusion of 500 mg metronidazole, the mean AUC24 of metronidazole was higher by 114% in patients with severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment, and by 54% and 53% in patients with mild (Child-Pugh A) and moderate (Child-Pugh B) hepatic impairment, respectively, compared to healthy control subjects. There were no significant changes in the AUC24 of hydroxyl-metronidazole in these hepatically impaired patients. A reduction in metronidazole dosage by 50% is recommended in patients with severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). No dosage adjustment is needed for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment should be monitored for metronidazole associated adverse events (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Following a single 500 mg oral or IV dose of metronidazole, subjects >70 years old with no apparent renal or hepatic dysfunction had a 40% to 80% higher mean AUC of hydroxy-metronidazole (active metabolite), with no apparent increase in the mean AUC of metronidazole (parent compound), compared to young healthy controls <40 years old. In geriatric patients, monitoring for metronidazole associated adverse events is recommended (see PRECAUTIONS).

In one study, newborn infants appeared to demonstrate diminished capacity to eliminate metronidazole. The elimination half-life, measured during the first 3 days of life, was inversely related to gestational age. In infants whose gestational ages were between 28 and 40 weeks, the corresponding elimination half-lives ranged from 109 to 22.5 hours.

Mechanism of Action

Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole, exerts antibacterial effects in an anaerobic environment against most obligate anaerobes. Once metronidazole enters the organism by passive diffusion and activated in the cytoplasm of susceptible anaerobic bacteria, it is reduced; this process includes intracellular electron transport proteins such as ferredoxin, transfer of an electron to the nitro group of the metronidazole, and formation of a short-lived nitroso free radical. Because of this alteration of the metronidazole molecule, a concentration gradient is created and maintained which promotes the drug’s intracellular transport. The reduced form of metronidazole and free radicals can interact with DNA leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA degradation leading to death of the bacteria. The precise mechanism of action of metronidazole is unclear.

Drug Resistance

A potential for development of resistance exists against metronidazole.

Resistance may be due to multiple mechanisms that include decreased uptake of the drug, altered reduction efficiency, overexpression of the efflux pumps, inactivation of the drug, and/or increased DNA damage repair.

Metronidazole does not possess any clinically relevant activity against facultative anaerobes or obligate aerobes.

Activity In Vitro and in Clinical Infections

Metronidazole has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section.

Gram-positive anaerobes

قرص metronidazole

Clostridium species

Eubacterium species

Peptococcus species

Peptostreptococcus species

Gram-negative anaerobes

Bacteroides fragilis group (B. fragilis, B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B.vulgatus)

Fusobacterium species

Protozoal parasites

Entamoeba histolytica

Trichomonas vaginalis

The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown:

Metronidazole exhibits in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) of 8 mcg/mL or less against most (≥ 90%) isolates of the following bacteria; however, the safety and effectiveness of metronidazole in treating clinical infections due to these bacteria have not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.

Gram-negative anaerobes

Bacteroides fragilis group (B. caccae, B. uniformis)

Prevotella species (P. bivia, P. buccae, P. disiens)

Susceptibility Tests:

When available, the clinical microbiology laboratory should provide results of in vitro susceptibility test results for antimicrobial drug products used in resident hospitals to the physician as periodic reports that describe the susceptibility profile of nosocomial or community-acquired pathogens. These reports should aid the physician in selecting an antibacterial drug product for treatment.

For Anaerobes:

Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. For anaerobic bacteria, the susceptibility to metronidazole can be determined by the reference broth and/or agar method1,2.

The MIC values should be interpreted according to the criteria provided in the following Table

A report of “Susceptible” (S) indicates that the antimicrobial is likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial compound reaches the concentrations at the infection site necessary to inhibit growth of the pathogen. A report of “Intermediate” (I) implies that an infection due to the isolate may be appropriately treated in the body sites where the drugs are physiologically concentrated or when a high dosage of drug is used. A report of “Resistant” (R) indicates that the antimicrobial is not likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial compound reaches the concentration usually achievable at the infection site; other therapy should be selected.

Quality Control

Standardized susceptibility test procedures require the use of laboratory controls to monitor and ensure the accuracy and precision of supplies and reagents used in the assay, and the techniques of the individuals performing the test. 1,2Standard metronidazole powder should provide a value within the MIC ranges noted in the following table:

Acceptable Quality Control Ranges for Metronidazole against Anaerobes

For protozoal parasites:

Standardized tests do not exist for use in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Symptomatic Trichomoniasis. Metronidazole tablets are indicated for the treatment of T. vaginalis infection in females and males when the presence of the trichomonad has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory procedures (wet smears and/or cultures).

Asymptomatic Trichomoniasis. Metronidazole tablets are indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic T. vaginalis infection in females when the organism is associated with endocervicitis, cervicitis, or cervical erosion. Since there is evidence that presence of the trichomonad can interfere with accurate assessment of abnormal cytological smears, additional smears should be performed after eradication of the parasite.

Treatment of Asymptomatic Sexual Partners. T. vaginalis infection is a venereal disease. Therefore, asymptomatic sexual partners of treated patients should be treated simultaneously if the organism has been found to be present, in order to prevent reinfection of the partner. The decision as to whether to treat an asymptomatic male partner who has a negative culture or one for whom no culture has been attempted is an individual one. In making this decision, it should be noted that there is evidence that a woman may become reinfected if her sexual partner is not treated. Also, since there can be considerable difficulty in isolating the organism from the asymptomatic male carrier, negative smears and cultures cannot be relied upon in this regard. In any event, the sexual partner should be treated with metronidazole tablets in cases of reinfection.

Amebiasis Metronidazole tablets are indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and amebic liver abscess.

In amebic liver abscess, Metronidazole tablet therapy does not obviate the need for aspiration or drainage of pus.

Anaerobic Bacterial Infections. Metronidazole tablets are indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with metronidazole tablet therapy. In a mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection, antimicrobials appropriate for the treatment of the aerobic infection should be used in addition to metronidazole tablets.

INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS, including peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and liver abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group (B. fragilis, B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus), Clostridium species, Eubacterium species, Peptococcus species, and Peptostreptococcus species.

SKIN AND SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcus species, Peptostreptococcus species, and Fusobacterium species.

GYNECOLOGIC INFECTIONS, including endometritis, endomyometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcus species, Peptostreptococcus species, and Fusobacterium species.

BACTERIAL SEPTICEMIA caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group and Clostridium species.

BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS, (as adjunctive therapy), caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) INFECTIONS, including meningitis and brain abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.

ENDOCARDITIS caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of metronidazole tablets and other antibacterial drugs, metronidazole tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Metronidazole tablet are contraindicated in patients with a prior history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.

In patients with trichomoniasis, metronidazole tablet are contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy (see PRECAUTIONS).

Use of oral metronidazole is associated with psychotic reactions in alcoholic patients who were using disulfiram concurrently. Do not administer metronidazole to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Use of oral metronidazole is associated with a disulfiram-like reaction to alcohol, including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing. Discontinue consumption of alcohol or products containing propylene glycol during and for at least three days after therapy with metronidazole (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy: Cases of encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy (including optic neuropathy) have been reported with metronidazole.

Encephalopathy has been reported in association with cerebellar toxicity characterized by ataxia, dizziness, and dysarthria. CNS lesions seen on MRI have been described in reports of encephalopathy. CNS symptoms are generally reversible within days to weeks upon discontinuation of metronidazole. CNS lesions seen on MRI have also been described as reversible.

Peripheral neuropathy, mainly of sensory type has been reported and is characterized by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity.

Convulsive seizures have been reported in patients treated with metronidazole.

Aseptic meningitis: Cases of aseptic meningitis have been reported with metronidazole. Symptoms can occur within hours of dose administration and generally resolve after metronidazole therapy is discontinued.

The appearance of abnormal neurologic signs and symptoms demands the prompt evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio of the continuation of therapy (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

Cases of severe hepatotoxicity/acute hepatic failure, including cases with a fatal outcome with very rapid onset after treatment initiation in patients with Cockayne syndrome have been reported with products containing metronidazole for systemic use. In this population, metronidazole should therefore be used after careful benefit-risk assessment and only if no alternative treatment is available. Obtain liver function tests prior to the start of therapy, within the first 2-3 days after initiation of therapy, frequently during therapy and after end of treatment. Discontinue metronidazole if elevation of liver function tests occurs, and monitor liver function tests until the baseline values are reached.

Advise patients with Cockayne syndrome to stop taking metronidazole immediately if they experience any symptoms of potential liver injury, such as abdominal pain, nausea, change in stool color or jaundice, and to contact their healthcare provider.

Hepatic Impairment

Patients with hepatic impairment metabolize metronidazole slowly, with resultant accumulation of metronidazole in the plasma. For patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), a reduced dose of metronidazole is recommended. For patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, no dosage adjustment is needed but these patients should be monitored for metronidazole associated adverse events (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Renal Impairment

Patients with end-stage renal disease may excrete metronidazole and metabolites slowly in the urine, resulting in significant accumulation of metronidazole metabolites. Monitoring for metronidazole associated adverse events is recommended (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).

Fungal Superinfections

Known or previously unrecognized candidiasis may present more prominent symptoms during therapy with metronidazole and requires treatment with a candidacidal agent.

Use in Patients with Blood Dyscrasias

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole and should be used with caution in patients with evidence of or history of blood dyscrasia. A mild leukopenia has been observed during its administration; however, no persistent hematologic abnormalities attributable to metronidazole have been observed in clinical studies. Total and differential leukocyte counts are recommended before and after therapy.

Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Parasites

Prescribing metronidazole in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial or parasitic infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria and parasites.

Interaction with Alcohol

Discontinue consumption of alcoholic beverages or products containing propylene glycol while taking metronidazole and for at least three days afterward because abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing may occur (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Treatment of Bacterial and Parasitic Infections

Patients should be counseled that metronidazole should only be used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections. Metronidazole does not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When metronidazole is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by metronidazole in the future.

Disulfiram

Psychotic reactions have been reported in alcoholic patients who are using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently. Metronidazole should not be given to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Alcoholic Beverages

Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing may occur if alcoholic beverages or products containing propylene glycol are consumed during or following metronidazole therapy (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Warfarin and other Oral Anticoagulants

Metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. When metronidazole is prescribed for patients on this type of anticoagulant therapy, prothrombin time and INR should be carefully monitored.

Lithium

In patients stabilized on relatively high doses of lithium, short-term metronidazole therapy has been associated with elevation of serum lithium and, in a few cases, signs of lithium toxicity. Serum lithium and serum creatinine levels should be obtained several days after beginning metronidazole to detect any increase that may precede clinical symptoms of lithium intoxication.

Busulfan

Metronidazole has been reported to increase plasma concentrations of busulfan, which can result in an increased risk for serious busulfan toxicity. Metronidazole should not be administered concomitantly with busulfan unless the benefit outweighs the risk. If no therapeutic alternatives to metronidazole are available, and concomitant administration with busulfan is medically needed, frequent monitoring of busulfan plasma concentration should be performed and the busulfan dose should be adjusted accordingly.

Drugs that Inhibit CYP450 Enzymes

The simultaneous administration of drugs that decrease microsomal liver enzyme activity, such as cimetidine, may prolong the half-life and decrease plasma clearance of metronidazole.

Drugs that Induce CYP450 Enzymes

The simultaneous administration of drugs that induce microsomal liver enzymes, such as phenytoin or phenobarbital, may accelerate the elimination of metronidazole, resulting in reduced plasma levels; impaired clearance of phenytoin has also been reported.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions

Metronidazole may interfere with certain types of determinations of serum chemistry values, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, and glucose hexokinase. Values of zero may be observed. All of the assays in which interference has been reported involve enzymatic coupling of the assay to oxidation-reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+NADH). Interference is due to the similarity in absorbance peaks of NADH (340 nm) and metronidazole (322 nm) at pH 7.

Tumors affecting the liver, lungs, mammary, and lymphatic tissues have been detected in several studies of metronidazole in rats and mice, but not hamsters.

Pulmonary tumors have been observed in all six reported studies in the mouse, including one study in which the animals were dosed on an intermittent schedule (administration during every fourth week only). Malignant liver tumors were increased in male mice treated at approximately 1500 mg/m2(similar to the maximum recommended daily dose, based on body surface area comparisons). Malignant lymphomas and pulmonary neoplasms were also increased with lifetime feeding of the drug to mice. Mammary and hepatic tumors were increased among female rats administered oral metronidazole compared to concurrent controls. Two lifetime tumorigenicity studies in hamsters have been performed and reported to be negative.

Metronidazole has shown mutagenic activity in in vitro assay systems including the Ames test. Studies in mammals in vivo have failed to demonstrate a potential for genetic damage.

Metronidazole failed to produce any adverse effects on fertility or testicular function in male rats at doses up at 400 mg/kg/day (similar to the maximum recommended clinical dose, based on body surface area comparisons) for 28 days. However, rats treated at the same dose for 6 weeks or longer were infertile and showed severe degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium in the testes as well as marked decreases in testicular spermatid counts and epididymal sperm counts. Fertility was restored in most rats after an eight week, drug-free recovery period.

Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well controlled studies of metronidazole in pregnant women. There are published data from case-control studies, cohort studies, and 2 meta-analyses that include more than 5000 pregnant women who used metronidazole during pregnancy. Many studies included first trimester exposures. One study showed an increased risk of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, in infants exposed to metronidazole in-utero; however, these findings were not confirmed. In addition, more than ten randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials enrolled more than 5000 pregnant women to assess the use of antibiotic treatment (including metronidazole) for bacterial vaginosis on the incidence of preterm delivery. Most studies did not show an increased risk for congenital anomalies or other adverse fetal outcomes following metronidazole exposure during pregnancy. Three studies conducted to assess the risk of infant cancer following metronidazole exposure during pregnancy did not show an increased risk; however, the ability of these studies to detect such a signal was limited.

Metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and its effects on the human fetal organogenesis are not known. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats, rabbits, and mice at doses similar to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area comparisons. There was no evidence of harm to the fetus due to metronidazole.

Metronidazole is present in human milk at concentrations similar to maternal serum levels, and infant serum levels can be close to or comparable to infant therapeutic levels. Because of the potential for tumorigenicity shown for metronidazole in mouse and rat studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Alternatively, a nursing mother may choose to pump and discard human milk for the duration of metronidazole therapy, and for 24 hours after therapy ends and feed her infant stored human milk or formula.

In elderly geriatric patients, monitoring for metronidazole associated adverse events is recommended (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, PRECAUTIONS). Decreased liver function in geriatric patients can result in increased concentrations of metronidazole that may necessitate adjustment of metronidazole dosage (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established, except for the treatment of amebiasis.

The following reactions have been reported during treatment with metronidazole:

Central Nervous System: The most serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with metronidazole have been convulsive seizures, encephalopathy, aseptic meningitis, optic and peripheral neuropathy, the latter characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity. Since persistent peripheral neuropathy has been reported in some patients receiving prolonged administration of metronidazole, patients should be specifically warned about these reactions and should be told to stop the drug and report immediately to their physicians if any neurologic symptoms occur. In addition, patients have reported headache, syncope, dizziness, vertigo, incoordination, ataxia, confusion, dysarthria, irritability, depression, weakness, and insomnia (see WARNINGS).

Gastrointestinal: The most common adverse reactions reported have been referable to the gastrointestinal tract, particularly nausea, sometimes accompanied by headache, anorexia, and occasionally vomiting; diarrhea; epigastric distress; and abdominal cramping and constipation.

Mouth: A sharp, unpleasant metallic taste is not unusual. Furry tongue, glossitis, and stomatitis have occurred; these may be associated with a sudden overgrowth of Candida which may occur during therapy.

Dermatologic: Erythematous rash and pruritus.

Hematopoietic: Reversible neutropenia (leukopenia); rarely, reversible thrombocytopenia.

Cardiovascular: Flattening of the T-wave may be seen in electrocardiographic tracings.

Hypersensitivity: Urticaria, erythematous rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, flushing, nasal congestion, dryness of the mouth (or vagina or vulva), and fever.

Renal: Dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, incontinence, and a sense of pelvic pressure. Instances of darkened urine have been reported by approximately one patient in 100,000. Although the pigment which is probably responsible for this phenomenon has not been positively identified, it is almost certainly a metabolite of metronidazole and seems to have no clinical significance.

Other: Proliferation of Candida in the vagina, dyspareunia, decrease of libido, proctitis, and fleeting joint pains sometimes resembling “serum sickness.” Rare cases of pancreatitis, which generally abated on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.

Patients with Crohn’s disease are known to have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and certain extraintestinal cancers. There have been some reports in the medical literature of breast and colon cancer in Crohn’s disease patients who have been treated with metronidazole at high doses for extended periods of time. A cause and effect relationship has not been established. Crohn’s disease is not an approved indication for metronidazole tablets.

Single oral doses of metronidazole, up to 15 g, have been reported in suicide attempts and accidental overdoses. Symptoms reported include nausea, vomiting, and ataxia.

Oral metronidazole has been studied as a radiation sensitizer in the treatment of malignant tumors. Neurotoxic effects, including seizures and peripheral neuropathy, have been reported after 5 to 7 days of doses of 6 to 10.4 g every other day.

Treatment of Overdosage: There is no specific antidote for metronidazole overdose; therefore, management of the patient should consist of symptomatic and supportive therapy.

In the Female:

One-day treatment − two grams of metronidazole tablets, given either as a single dose or in two divided doses of one gram each, given in the same day.

Seven-day course of treatment − 250 mg three times daily for seven consecutive days. There is some indication from controlled comparative studies that cure rates as determined by vaginal smears and signs and symptoms, may be higher after a seven-day course of treatment than after a one-day treatment regimen.

The dosage regimen should be individualized. Single-dose treatment can assure compliance, especially if administered under supervision, in those patients who cannot be relied on to continue the seven-day regimen. A seven-day course of treatment may minimize reinfection by protecting the patient long enough for the sexual contacts to obtain appropriate treatment. Further, some patients may tolerate one treatment regimen better than the other.

Pregnant patients should not be treated during the first trimester (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). In pregnant patients for whom alternative treatment has been inadequate, the one-day course of therapy should not be used, as it results in higher serum levels which can reach the fetal circulation (see PRECAUTIONS, Pregnancy).

When repeat courses of the drug are required, it is recommended that an interval of four to six weeks elapse between courses and that the presence of the trichomonad be reconfirmed by appropriate laboratory measures. Total and differential leukocyte counts should be made before and after re-treatment.

In the Male: Treatment should be individualized as it is for the female.

Adults:

For acute intestinal amebiasis (acute amebic dysentery): 750 mg orally three times daily for 5 to 10 days.

For amebic liver abscess: 500 mg or 750 mg orally three times daily for 5 to 10 days.

Pediatric patients: 35 to 50 mg/kg/24 hours, divided into three doses, orally for 10 days.

In the treatment of most serious anaerobic infections, intravenous metronidazole is usually administered initially.

The usual adult oral dosage is 7.5 mg/kg every six hours (approx. 500 mg for a 70-kg adult). A maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period.

The usual duration of therapy is 7 to 10 days; however, infections of the bone and joint, lower respiratory tract, and endocardium may require longer treatment.

Patients with Severe Hepatic Impairment

For patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), the dose of metronidazole tablets should be reduced by 50% (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and PRECAUTIONS).

Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis:

Hemodialysis removes significant amounts of metronidazole and its metabolites from systemic circulation. The clearance of metronidazole will depend on the type of dialysis membrane used, the duration of the dialysis session, and other factors. If the administration of metronidazole cannot be separated from the hemodialysis session, supplementation of metronidazole dosage following the hemodialysis session should be considered, depending on the patient’s clinical situation (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).

Metronidazole Tablets USP, 250 mg

White colored, round shaped, film coated, biconvex tablets with ‘U’ debossed on one side and ‘226’ debossed on other side.

Bottles of 50: NDC 29300-226-46

Bottles of 100: NDC 29300-226-01

Bottles of 250: NDC 29300-226-52

Bottles of 500: NDC 29300-226-05

Bottles of 1,000: NDC 29300-226-10

Metronidazole Tablets USP, 500 mg

White colored, capsule shaped, film coated biconvex tablets with ‘U’ debossed on one side and ‘227’ debossed on other side.

Bottles of 50: NDC 29300-227-46

Bottles of 100: NDC 29300-227-01

Bottles of 500: NDC 29300-227-05

Bottles of 1,000: NDC 29300-227-10

Storage and Stability: Store at 200C to 250C (680 to 770 F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.

Please address medical inquiries to Unichem’s toll free # 1-866-562-4616.

Rx only

Manufactured by:

UNICHEM LABORATORIES LTD.

Ind. Area, Meerut Road, Ghaziabad-201 003, India.

and

UNICHEM LABORATORIES LTD.

Pilerne Ind. Estate, Pilerne, Bardez, Goa 403 511, India.

Manufactured for:

East Brunswick, NJ 08816

08-R-07/2019

13011865

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قرص metronidazole

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کمک های اولیه

قرص metronidazole

کمک های اولیه

اطلاعات پزشکی

دیدگاه

وب‌سایت

با تشکر از شما اطلاع رسانی خوبی بود

آیا قرص مترونیدازول برای بوی دهان خوب است

سلام مطالب مفیدواموزنده ای بود

ممنون از سایت خوبتون

عالی بود

سلام ممنون از اطلاعات کاربردی و خوبتون.

ممنون از مطالب مفيدتون ، موفق باشيد .

سلام و سپاس از لطف و محبت شما خواننده گرامی

ممنون از اطلاعات خوبتون

۱۱عالیه

سلام و سپاس از لطف شما خواننده گرامی

سلام و سپاس از لطف شما

مطالب بوستی و سلامت بدن بیشتر شود

چشم انشاءالله تعداد بیشتری قرار میدهیم

قرص metronidazole

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

قرص metronidazole

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

قرص metronidazole

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

Vaginal Gel: 0.75%

http://www.aminpharma.com

مترونیدازول

قرص metronidazole

Infusion: 500 mg/100 ml

Tablet: 250 mg

Suspension: 125 mg/5ml (as Benzoate)

Suppository: 500 mg

Vaginal Tablet: 500 mg

سلام
ممنون از اطلاعات کاربردی و خوبتون.

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